A Brief Note On Atherosclerosis And Cardiovascular System

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION: Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels and the blood inside them. It’s responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrition and waste products throughout the body. The heart is the circulatory pump that transports blood to the entire body. Cardiovascular system has two circulations: systemic and the pulmonary circulations. Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and lungs. Pulmonary circulation starts when the deoxygenated blood enters through superior and the inferior vena cava to the right atrium. The blood passes though Tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary track splits into right and left pulmonary arteries that go to each lung and blood gets oxygenated. The oxygenated blood comes back through pulmonary veins to the left atrium. Systemic circulation starts when the blood enters the left atrium. Systemic circulation is the blood flow between the heart and the rest of the body. The left atrium pumps the blood through mitral valve into the left ventricle. Then the blood passes the aortic valve and enters aorta. Aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body. Aorta branches into major arteries to supply the upper part of the body and then it branches into arteries and supplies the lower part of the body. The arte ries branch into smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Oxygen diffuses in the capillaries and deoxygenated bloodShow MoreRelatedThe Cardiovascular System Of Atherosclerosis3729 Words   |  15 Pages The cardiovascular system is composed of thousands of tubes, known as blood vessels that blood travels in. Blood is constantly being pumped to and from the heart through arteries and veins, respectively. Oxygen, nutrients, water, wastes are just some of the substances moving throughout the body via the blood vessels. 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Essay on The Effect of the New Deal on USA - 750 Words

The Effect of the New Deal on USA The New Deal was very successful to pull America out of the problems which the Americans were facing. The New Deal seemed to start solving the problem very quickly and the people started to gain confidence again. And with all of the new deal laws money started to go around in the economical system. Thats what it has been like in the beginning. But than the new deal system didnt continue to solve any more problems especially as most of the people were still being paid low. There were a lot of major problems in America at the time. Because of the crash lots of people became unemployed. Up to 5000 banks have been forced to close down because people have borrowed†¦show more content†¦The alphabet agencies helped the people by creating work for them. There were alphabet agencies such the AAA, CCC, PWA, FCA and CWA. They created banking policies which took less then 100 days to do. In the 100 days Roosevelt called the US congress into a special session and discussed a series of measures. And they made a job creation scheme so the people were able to build freeways, dams, bridges, roads and public buildings. The New Deals aims were to help and restore agriculture, industry and to help to get the unemployed people back to work. From about 1933 until 1936 all of the policies were successful. But after a year the government started to spend less money on the project and production fell again. 4 million people were taken away from the bread line and were put into a job. All the people started to work although the wages were very low. The wages were only 1 dollar a day. And within 3 years, 8 million Americans were on a public project. The alphabet agency called the WPA managed to build 116,000 public buildings, 78,000 bridges and 650,000 miles of road. 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Connected Products Transforming Companies -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Connected Products Transforming Companies? Answer: Introduction The expansion is said to be the part of the business cycle at the time when a company moves from the trough to a peak level. It is referred as a time period when the business activitys level flows and GDP (gross domestic product) expands till it touches a highest point or peak. A period of expansion or development is also considered an economic recovery. The report is being projected to identify the potential influencing marketing for ALDIs future global expansion strategy. A justification will be provided for the chosen potential market with the help of macro analysis i.e. PESTLE. Along with this, the application of 5 Forces Model will be done to critically analyze the competitive intensity of the industry. Further, the report will perform the internal analysis on behalf of ALDI supermarket chain. In the end, it will suggest the various modes of entry for ALDI to enter the potential market. Overview of ALDI ALDI is the brand of two discount supermarket chain and has a leading position in the global market with stores in 18 countries. It has been estimated that the turnover of the supermarket is more than 50 billion. The supermarket is based in Germany and the chain was started in 1946 by Theo and Karl Albrecht brothers. ALDI is very famous in America and is counted in one of the favorite grocery stores. The growth success is recognized by the commitment of the company of making efficiencies at each level- from the construction of the store to the particular product. Every phase of their functions is reinvented in order to increase the product quality and customers savings (Aldi, 2018). About potential countries Czech Republic- Czechia is another name of Czech Republic. The country is placed in central Europe due to which the company has been selected for the expansion of the business. It includes the ancient provinces of Moravia and Bohemia along with the Silesias southern tip, cooperatively known as Czech Lands. The Czechia name was adopted in 2016 as a summarized, name for the Czech Republic (Trade Portal, 2018). New Zealand- New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean. The country includes two main islands one South and North Island. The country has developed the country and has high rank while comparing it with the national performance in terms of health, education, and quality of life. The country is welcoming the international companies so that they can develop the better opportunities. Aldi Company needs the evaluation in which the 2 countries represent the most potentially attractive target market. Comparative PESTLE analysis of those macro-environmental factors of 2 countries that are relevant to Aldi is discussed in the Appendix. The rating to factor is given which helps in selecting the country for the expansion of the business in Appendix. Selection of country Aldi Company should expand its business in New Zealand market because the opportunity for growth is vast in the country. Though, this is the fact that Supermarkets of New Zealand found the fall in the past years during 2013-2014. Since then, the industry presented the modest growth every due to strengthening income and population migration. The annual growth is expected in the industry is 0.3% during 2013-2018. Aldi can bring the growth in the supermarket industry of New Zealand by providing facility to the customers who include online grocery shopping (IBIS World, 2017). New Zealand country is selected after the comparative analysis of both the country. There were few aspects which were good in the Czech Republic such as double population than New Zealand. The more population simple means the maximum purchase from supermarkets but this is also the fact that these people are migrated from different places which means that the supermarket might face difficulty in identifying the need of different consumer from a different background (Afonina and Chalupsk, 2012). Apart from this, the political instability in the country may lead to many other problems for the company. Therefore, New Zealand is the best selection for the Aldi Company. PESTLE analysis of New Zealand Political factors- The political factors include the rules and regulations formed by the government. New Zealand government is stable due to which the companies find the opportunity of success in the market. The rules and regulations in the country fluctuate after 3 years as the new government makes new rules and regulations (Faarup, 2010). In New Zealand, the business freedom is 99.9% and the trade freedom is 84.6% which reflects that New Zealand market is good for business and trading. Economic factors- The GDP of the country is expected to rise to $207 billion by the year 2018. This shows that the people can purchase the product due to high purchasing power in New Zealand. The economy of the country shows that if any company expand the business then they need to invest huge amount for generating profit. The above image shows that the economic aspects of the New Zealand which include the rise purchasing power of the people, GDP, national saving and in the service sector of the company. Social factors- The social factors of the country show that most of the people in the country are literate and know very well what they are buying from the market and at what price. The society of the country is good but this is also the fact that New Zealand is depended on business with other countries due to which they welcome new companies (Research and Markets, 2018). The population of the country is approximately 4,510,327 (by the year 2017 est. July). Out of these, 71.2% people are European, 14.1% are Maori, and 11.3% are Asian and rest are from different states. Considering the ethnicity of the country, every people in the country have their own perception, taste, choices which might affect the Aldi Company. Technological factors- The country has significantly developed in different types of product technology but for the new technology, the country is depended on other countries. Many international companies bring new technology in New Zealand then the company adopts those technologies in their country. It is suggested that there should be the presence of research and development centers in the country which will help the country in the technology advancement. Legal factors- The international business companies can do their business without any fear of the legal implication in the business activities. This will also provide the opportunity to the company to generate the profit. The legal system of New Zealand consists of common law system that is based on the English model with the special legislation and law courts for the Maori (Source: Central Intelligence Agency, 2018). Environmental factors- The company and society of country is responsible for the environmental obligations due to which they fulfill all their duty towards the environmental suitability. Though, the country is facing some of the environmental issues which include deforestation, soil erosion, native flora and fauna for which the country has brought new technology that helps the country to become pollution free (Haberer, 2010). Moreover, there are some agreements which are undertaken in New Zealand and these agreements include Antarctic-Environment Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection and many other (Source: Central Intelligence Agency, 2018). Porters Five Forces of Aldi in New Zealand Porters Five Forces is a tool that is essential for the companies to identify the analysis of the competitiveness of business (Rothaermel, 2015). Below given is an analysis of Aldi considering the selected market that is New Zealand: - Bargaining power of suppliers The retail industry suppliers provide the products at the fewer prices than the current market to the giant retailers like Aldi. Thus, the company finds low bargaining power of suppliers in New Zealand because if in case the suppliers ask for the high prices then the supermarkets offer the product to the customers at high prices which they wont be able to purchase (Porter, 2008). Therefore these results in a decrease in sales and revenue of retailers and suppliers due to which the suppliers offer the products at low prices. In addition, the suppliers of the country dont perform the tie-up with the new entrance and generally, they ask high amount from companies which lead to the problem for Aldi. Threats of New Entrants Opening store at the large level needs huge capital investment which decreases the new entrants in the market. Aldi has the medium threat of new entrants in the market of New Zealand because there is the presence of local farmers who sell their products to customers along with this there are many other supermarkets who are present in the country. Moreover, there are many international supermarkets across the world that can expand the business in New Zealand which is the biggest threat to the company (Kotler, 2015). This supermarket includes IGA, Whole foods, Lidl and many others. Bargaining threat of buyers The buyer of the company has high bargaining power because there are many companies in New Zealand that are involved in selling products at low prices. If in case the buyers find the high price of any product at Aldi then they can easily switch from one supermarket to another as most of the stores are located at the prime locations which give an opportunity to easily access them. Apart from it, there a number of stores who offer the loyalty points and rewards to their customers this help them in retaining the customers like Woolworths, countdown, FoodStuff, and many others. Aldi supermarket does not offer any such kind of offers to its customers which is one of the negative aspects of the company. Therefore, it is recommended to the company to offer discount and bonus to their loyal customers. Threat of Substitutes The products that are offered by the Aldi supermarket are similar than its competitors. Ever giant retailer has tie-ups with different brands due to which they are able to offer variety in the products to the customers (Porter, 2008). Similarly, in the New Zealand market, the company will offer the same products that are offered by the existing Supermarket of the country. Therefore, the customer can easily substitute their preference for the supermarket in the competitive market of New Zealand. The industry players of New Zealand perform the activities like advertising, marketing, price reduction, offers and many other things which will lead the problems of Aldi. Hence, the company will face the high threat of substitutes in the market. Competitive Rivalry The competition in the retail industry is aggressive because the competitors of the company offer the same products at same prices. Aldi will find the strong competition from the Countdown, a well-known full-service supermarket chain, and a subsidiary of PE (Progressive Enterprise) who is subsidiary of Woolworths Limited. Apart from Countdown, there are other companies who can give strong competition such as FoodStuff, New World, PaknSave, etc. All these supermarkets are currently focusing on the prices because of high competition (Euromonitor International, 2016). Even a difference of few cents will be highlighted by a competitor through marketing and advertisement which helps them in attracting the customers. Porters value chain A value chain is a strategic tool that is used by the companies to perform the internal analysis of the firm activities. According to Michael Porter, the value chain refers to as the framework that provides the analysis of specific internal activities of the company that create value and competitive advantage (Porter and Heppelmann, 2015). Below given is the value chain analysis of Aldi Company that is essential for the company to enter the chosen market. There are basically two major activities that are involved in the value chain activities and these activities are primary activities and support activities. Primary activities The aim of the primary activities of the value chain is to uphold the competitive advantage of delivery and production of the product. This activity plays a vital role in supporting the country to enter the new market (Riasi, 2015). The primary activity of the value chain includes the following: - Inbound logistics The inbound logistics are associated with the activities of receiving and storing the materials that are essential for producing goods. Over here, Aldi Company purchases the material in bulk to manufacture its own product with its own brand name. This shows that the company has its own production factories. Purchasing the material in bulk helps the company in saving the cost and ultimately prolongs a competitive advantage over the other competitors of New Zealand. Operations Operations show the lifecycle of the products and services offered by the company (Kotler, 2015). Aldi Company has its own brand so they are able to attract the customer to visit again and again to their stores for purchasing the non-compromising quality and services which will help the company in New Zealand. The company gets the products from their own manufacturing factors so they can ensure the quality of products at low cost. Outbound logistics These logistics are a concern with the accessibility of the offering of services and product to the customers. The company has its own transportation and distribution facility through which they will be able to provide the products. Aldi will open the stores at prime locations so that the customers can easily access the goods and services. In Addition, this is the fact that the company makes use of the vendor quality management system that helps in ensuring the quality and freshness of the products. Thus, this helps the company in establishing its place in the market of New Zealand. Marketing and Sales Every company makes use of marketing and sales strategies so that they can grab the attention of maximum customers and they can target the maximum audience (Wilson and Gilligan, 2012). Aldi also makes use of the marketing and sales strategy related to the save money in all the possible way. Though, the company is bringing the changes in the marketing strategy by cutting the cost and passing the saving to the customers ultimately. This strategy will also provide the support to the company to enter the selected market. Service This element includes the service that is offered by the company to its customers. Aldi is able to provide services through an online medium as this is one of the effective ways through which they can make the product accessible to the customers. The refund policies along with the less waiting time will help the company in generating customer satisfaction. The company should innovative new service in New Zealand to make good position and profit. Through, this service the aim of the company is to provide excellent satisfaction to the customers. Support activities Firm infrastructure The company has the good infrastructure at their stores which provide convenience to customers to fetch the products of different brands (Chernev, 2014). The infrastructure of stores is one of the effects through which the company can provide the satisfaction to the customers. Aldi should upgrade its store as this will make the appearance attractive for the customers in the New Zealand market. Human resource Aldi hires people having good knowledge of products in which company deals. Similarly, in New Zealand, the company will hire the skilled and educated person which is essential to understand the preference of people. The human resource will help the company in making a profit in the country. Technology development The development of the technology supports the Aldi to expand the business in the other markets. They make use of advanced technology to enhance the sales of the products and to generate the revenue. Procurement Procurement includes the procuring of good that is offered by the company to its customers. Aldi maintains a warehouse in which they store all the goods of different brands because the company purchases the goods in bulk from brands (Wang and Pizam, 2011). This is the only way through which the company can procure the goods in New Zealand as well. Mode of entry in the market There are different types of market mode of entry that are used by companies to enter the market such as joint venture, franchising, whole owned subsidiary, licensing and many others. Every market entry mode has its advantages and disadvantages but out of these modes of entry joint venture is suggested to the company. The joint venture is going be one of the effective ways with the help of which the company can enter into the market of New Zealand. The joint venture is a business entity that is formed between two or more parties generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks and shared governance (Hennart, Sheng, and Pimenta, 2015). Justification The reason behind the selection of joint venture as the mode of entry is because the company is not aware of the market of New Zealand. Joint venture with a company who is already established in the market of New Zealand will help the company in understanding the preference of customers so that they try to understand the needs and expectations of the customers. If the company will be able to meet the expectation of customers then they can gain the market easily. The major advantage that the company is going to get if the company select joint venture as a mode of entry is getting details of brands and smooth dealing with a supplier which is very much important for the business (Hennart, Sheng, and Pimenta, 2015). Apart from this, it is a fact that the market of Supermarket in New Zealand is fluctuating so if the company bear any loses they can distribute the loss and profit too. The joint venture will be effective as the company will be able to invest more amounts in establishing the business in New Zealand. More amounts will help the company in extending its services and marketing tactics in New Zealand. This is the fact the company is involving first time in the joint venture but this will be beneficial for the firm as they will get to know about the business agreements involved in joint ventures. Moreover, the company will find that this mode of entry is suitable for them or not after involving in the joint venture so that they can involve again in a joint venture for expanding business in other countries. This will also help them in improving the relationships between Australia and New Zealand governments along with this company don't have to spend the whole amount for the expansion. Thus, this will give rise to other companies to perform trading with New Zealand. In Addition, there is always a first time for the company to get involved in different modes of entry. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that the Aldi should expand the business in New Zealand market as the company will not face any problem in terms of political, legal, technological and environmental factors. Though the company will not be able to generate the high profit which was possible to generate in the Czech Republic but then the company might not be able to perform the smooth operation. The selection is done considering the expected growth in the supermarket industry of New Zealand. Further, the report includes the detailed analysis on the basis of which decision is based and the appropriate market mode of entry. References Adamkasi (2016) PESTLE-PESTLE Analysis of New Zealand [online]. Available from: https://freepestelanalysis.com/pestel-pestle-analysis-of-new-zealand/ [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Adamkasi (2016) Porters Five Forces Analysis of Aldi [online]. Available from: https://www.porteranalysis.com/porters-five-forces-analysis-of-aldi/ [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Afonina, A. and Chalupsk, V. (2012) The current strategic management tools and techniques: The evidence from the Czech Republic. Economics and Management,17(4), pp.1535-1544. Aldi (2018) Aldi History [online]. Available from: https://corporate.aldi.us/en/aldi-history/ [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Central Intelligence Agency (2018) The World FactBook [online]. Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Chernev, A. (2014)Strategic marketing management. Cerebellum Press. Euromonitor International (2016) Grocery Retailers in New Zealand [online]. Available from: https://www.euromonitor.com/grocery-retailers-in-new-zealand/report [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Export.gov (2017) Czech Republic - Information Technology [online]. Available from: https://www.export.gov/article?id=Czech-Republic-Information-Technology [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Faarup, P.K. (2010)The marketing framework. Academica. Haberer, J. (2010)Strategic Management-Aldi. GRIN Verlag. Hennart, J.F., Sheng, H.H. and Pimenta, G. (2015) Local complementary inputs as drivers of entry mode choices: The case of US investments in Brazil.International Business Review,24(3), pp.466-475. IBIS World (2017) Supermarkets, Grocery Stores, and Convenience Stores - New Zealand Market Research Report [online]. Available from: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry-trends/nz-market-research-reports/retail-trade/supermarkets-grocery-convenience-stores.html [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Kotler, P. (2015)Framework for marketing management. Pearson Education India. Lucintel (2012) PESTLE Analysis of Czech Republic: 2012-2017 [online]. Available from: https://www.lucintel.com/pestle-czech-republic-2017.aspx [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Lucintel (2013) PESTLE Analysis of New Zealand 2013 [online]. Available from: https://www.lucintel.com/pestle-of-new-zealand-2013.aspx [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Porter, M.E. (2008) The five competitive forces that shape strategy.Harvard business review,86(1), pp.25-40. Porter, M.E. (2008)On competition. Harvard Business Press. Porter, M.E. and Heppelmann, J.E. (2015) How smart, connected products are transforming companies.Harvard Business Review,93(10), pp.96-114. Research and Markets (2018) PESTLE Analysis Of New Zealand 2013 [online]. Available from: https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2628067/pestle_analysis_of_new_zealand_2013 [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Riasi, A. (2015) Competitive advantages of shadow banking industry: An analysis using Porter diamond model.Business Management and Strategy,6(2), pp.15-27. Roland (2014) Groceries Industry Report Nz Seo Reach [online]. Available from: https://www.firstdigital.co.nz/blog/2014/01/23/groceries-industry-report-nz-seo-reach/ [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Rothaermel, F.T. (2015)Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Trade Portal (2018) Czech Republic: Economic And Political Outline [online]. Available from: https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/analyse-markets/czech-republic/economic-political-outline [Accessed 18th February 2018]. Wang, Y. and Pizam, A. eds. (2011) Destination marketing and management: Theories and applications. Cabi. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C. (2012)Strategic marketing management. Routledge.

Narrative essay about friend free essay sample

My adventure started when my family and I decided to leave our country. Our destiny was unknown and mysterious, and we didn’t know what the future was holding for us, until destiny managed to bring us to the United States of America. At that time, I was still young, but I realized the greatness of the country that I was headed to. Where people achieved their goals and reached all limit. But I figured there was a big problem, which was the language that I should be adapting to sooner or later. Actually, I hated English ever since school, because our teacher was very bad looking and smelled like a rotten egg, and most of the time the class was disorganized. Students were very quiet and bored to death. And I felt like my heart was dimed in the darkness every time I walked into the classroom. Before going to school in America, I was scared that I would start whispering to myself or shouting loudly and felt my skin was cold and my surface was very smooth, whenever I thought that I can’t adapt to the culture and be part of the society at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative essay about friend or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So I was looking for friends that speak my language to help me in school and guide me of what was going and be left behind. I met my first two friends Jihad who I called â€Å"Joy† and Murtadha. My parents and friends tried to convincing me not to be afraid or panic about school and that I was going to pick up language quicker than a sponge would suck water, but my fears overcome these cheers. I felt incapable of control my senses and I would take moment of silence every once in a while, breathing smoothly. I smelled bad wind blowing through my body and body was very heavy that I couldn’t feel my muscle, if like I was almost paralyzed. And I almost felt like crying. I had a fight with my parent on the first day school in the morning to not go to school, but I was forced to go any ways. At the beginning, although I faced some difficulties in learning new language but by time past and with my friends help, I found solution for my problems and defeated the fears I had at the beginning. Finally, I gained an experience and own new friendship in this adventure. After look at this, I learned that don’t let fear overcome you and all your senses, and try to figure out a solution no matter how big is the problem. And if you need help don’t be scared to ask a good friend.

Sample Essay on Gender Issues

Sample Essay on Gender IssuesIf you need a sample essay on gender issues, try to avoid applying them to the individual. Generally, essays on gender issues are often prepared with a group of young women in mind. This article discusses the possibilities for an essay on gender issues.Rather than using personal experience or observation as the basis for your essay, concentrate on those things that are important to all women. Assume that your audience is receptive and attentive. You can achieve this by focusing on several important topics: motherhood, career, mothering, child-rearing, family and relationships and life-affirming decisions.Firstly, think about how you will be expressing yourself. This is very different from writing a conventional essay. You have many options - you can use examples or quotes, you can use concrete examples or facts and you can use research. Assume that your topic includes things that you wish to express and you can be a little experimental, too.Choose an essa y format that will make writing easier. If you want to be more creative, you could try a hybrid format that combines elements of an essay, report writing. Do not be afraid to write on a subject that is personal to you and that may not be familiar to your readers. For example, if you are living with HIV/AIDS, your topic may be about how to cope with the situation.As a writer, you should know when you need to take things back, add a space and to put emphasis on certain words and to rewrite or simplify something. Research is the key to making sure that you do not lose your readers' interest. It is important to include citations to external sources where they are needed.Always be careful with statistics and choose a well-known example. Your personal essay should also relate to the audience's interests. Your key points can be related to a fact that they already know.Essay writers must also take account of personal style and attitude. They must reflect their own experiences and they shoul d be ready to share how they live with the gender issues that they face. If you are living with HIV/AIDS, you might even want to consider changing the title of your sample essay on gender issues to reflect your current situation.While it is easy to write a great essay on gender issues, it is not easy to finish one. These tips can help you learn how to write a sample essay on gender issues.

Bacteria Outline Essays - Bacteriology, Bacteria, Archaea

Bacteria Outline Bacteria - Oldest, structurally simplest, most abundant forms of life - Only organism with prokaryotic cellular organization - The only members of the kingdom Monera (4800 different kinds) - Characteristics change depending on growth conditions - Maintenance of life depends on them - play vital role of productivity and as decomposers - Capable of fixing atmospheric N for use by other organisms - Used in production and fermentation of various food and as antibiotics and is being tested for insect control - Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes - Multi-cellularity - All bacteria fundamentally single celled - Sometimes cells adhere within a matrix to form filaments - Activities of bacterial colonies less integrated and coordinated than in multicellular eukaryotes Eukaryotes Bacteria Cell Size 10x size of bacteria 1 micrometer (?m) diameter Chromosomes Membrane bound nucleus w/ chromosomes w/ nucleic acid & proteins No nucleus/chromosomes w/ DNA DNA contained in cytoplasm Cell Division and Genetic Remcombination Mitosis involving microtubules Sexual reproduction - meiosis/syngamy Binary fusion Lack of sexual reproduction - no equal participation Internal Compartementalization Respirational enzymes packed into mitochondria Corresponding enzymes bound to cell membranes Cytoplasm - no internal compartments/organelles (except ribosomes) No cytoskeleton Flagella Complex 9+2 structure of microtubules (whip-like motion) Simple w/ a single fiber protein flagellin Spins like a propellar Autotrophic Diversity Enzymes for photosyn. Packed in membrane-bound organelles (plastids) Only 1 type of photo. - release of O2 Enzymes bound to cell membrane Several patterns of aerobic/anaerobic photo. w/ formation of S, O, sulfate Chemosynthesis - process where certain bacteria obtain energy from oxidation of inorganic compounds and obtain C from CO2 - Bacterial Structure - Lypopolysaccharide - polysaccharide chain with lipids attached - Molecules of it deposited over layer of gram positive - forming outer membrane - Makes gram negative bacteria resistant to many antibiotics to which gram positive bacteria are susceptible - Capsule - gelatinous layer surrounding cell - Bacilli - straight, rod-shaped bacteria - Cocci - spherical bacteria - Spirilla - spirally coiled bacteria - Spores - single-celled bodies that grow into new bacterial individuals - Some bacteria change into stalked structures, grow long, branched filaments or form erect structures that release spores - Bacterial cells have simple structures - 2 kinds of cell walls - gram negative/positive - Cytoplasm of a bacterium contain no internal compartments/organelles & is bound by a membrane encased w/i a cell wall composed of 1/more polysaccharides - Pili - other kinds of hairlike outgrowths that occur on some bacteria cells - shorter than flagella - Help bacterial cells to attach to appropriate substrates - Endoscopes - resistant to environmental stress; may germinate & form new bacterial individuals after decades/centuries - Bacterial Variation - 2 processes lend variability to bacterial reproduction - Mutation - Because of the short generation time of bacteria whose populations often double in a few min., mutation plays important role in generating genetic diversity - Genetic Recombination - Transfer of genes from one cell to another as portions of viruses, plasmids, other DNA fragments *Intestinal bacterium: typhoid, dysentry, other diseases - Bacterial Ecology and Metabolic Diversity - Bacteria most abundant organisms in most environments - Obligate anaerobes - organisms cannot grow in presence of O2 - Facultative anaerobes - organisms that function as anaerobes/aerobes - Aerobes - organisms that require O2 - Autotrophic bacteria - Heterotrophs - get energy from organic material formed by other organisms (most bacteria) - Autotrophs - obtain energy from nonorganic sources - Photosynthetic bacteria - contain chlorophyll but not held in plastids *Cyanobacteria, green/purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria - Different colors caused by photosynthetic pigments - Chemoautotrophic bacteria - derive energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules (N, S, Fe compounds, gaseous H) - Heterotrophic bacteria - Saprobes - bacteria that obtain nourishment form dead organic material - Autotrophic bacteria, capable of making their own food, obtain energy from light or the oxidation of inorganic molecules - Heterotrophic bacteria obtain energy from breaking down organic compounds made by other organisms - By-products of bacterial metabolism - Antibiotics - valuable - Botulism - food poisoning - Salmonella - gastrointestinal disease - N-fixing bacteria - N fixation - carried out by nodule-forming bacteria - Bacteria releases fixed N (when they break down proteins) - N cycle carried out exclusively by bacteria - Bacteria as plant pathogens - Most plant diseases caused by bacteria - Most bacteria that cause plant diseases are from a group of rod-shaped bacteria called pseudomonads * Citrus canker (Florida) - destroy citrus seedlings - Bacteria as human pathogens - Cholera, leprosy, tetanus, bacterial pneumonia, whooping cough, diptheria - Many diseases dispersed in food/water - Legionnaires's Disease - Severe pneumonia - fatal in 15-20% of victims if untreated - Caused by legionella - small,

Maths-derive essays

Maths-derive essays When using derive in a classroom situation for the studies of the line its easy to see that it can be very beneficial for the students. If the students have an error in their work which effects all the answers of the question, correcting it would take a very long time, if it was written (you might even have to redo the whole question). On derive you can change one aspect of the question at any area in the question and this will automatically change the results. When using derive the students will be able to understand graphs quickly be using the plot windows and then plotting points and lines. They will be able to relate the points, lines and answers of the questions to the graphs, thus giving them a greater understanding of the concepts involved in the line. The concepts the students will learn and understand in our derive session include plotting points, plotting lines, finding the slope of the lines, finding the distance of the line, finding the midpoint of the line and finding the points of intersection between two lines, the x-axis and the y-axis. They will learn and understand how and when to use a certain formula in a question and they will understand the relationship between all the answers they find. For a teacher and student, derive is an ideal tool for supporting the teaching and learning of mathematics. Derive enables new approaches in teaching, learning and understanding mathematics through its many algebraic, numeric and graphic capabilities all of which can be identified in our derive session on the line. Derive takes away the burden of the problem solving and calculations and gives students the time to concentrate on the mathematical meaning of concepts. The speed at which derive calculates allows for any lesson to proceed at a fast pace without the learning outcome of the students suffering. Its a great way of not only varying the teaching stimuli but it is very effective and can keep students intereste...