2016 Calendar of Childrens Books for Holidays and Events

Othello Analysis Essay examples - 1133 Words

The tragedy of Othello, written by William Shakespeare, presents the main character Othello, as a respectable, honorable, and dignified man, but because of his insecurities and good nature, he is easily taken advantage of and manipulated by his peers and alleged friends. The dynamic of Othello’s character significantly changes throughout the play. The contrast is most pronounced from the beginning of the play to its conclusion, switching from being calm and peaceful to acts of uncontrolled venomous rage. Othello’s motivation in the play appears to be his love and concern for his wife Desdemona, which ironically, ends up being his downfall in the end. In the beginning of the play Othello exhibits behaviors leading one to believe that he†¦show more content†¦The duke then sent Othello and some of his men to command a military patrol in Cyprus. Othello takes Desdemona with him and in Cyprus he continued to be polite, respectful, and charming, saying things like, à ¢â‚¬Å"It gives me wonder great as my content to see you here before me† (II.i.83). He says this to Desdemona reassuring his love and care for her. By the middle of the play Othello’s mood and demeanor seem to shift from being peaceful and patient to very anxious, paranoid, and gullible. For example when Othello is talking to Iago and Iago suggests that maybe his wife is not being faithful to him, it becomes Othello’s obsession to get down to the bottom of it and catch her. â€Å"I have been talking with your suitor here, a man that languishes in your displeasure / Who is’t you mean / Why, your lieutenant, Cassio. Good my lord† (III.iii.41-43). In this dialog between Othello and Iago, with just two sentences Iago causes Othello to lose trust in his wife and believe she is being unfaithful to him which grows stronger and stronger each scene of the play. Because Iago is extremely cunning and manipulative, he is able to control almost anyone he chooses and he is in control of Othello’s emotions because he knows the things Othello fears. Iago is pretending to be Othello’s friend but secretiv ely is going behind his back and bringing him down. Iago convinces Othello that Cassio is having an affair with Desdemona. â€Å"I humbly do beseechShow MoreRelatedOthello Analysis : Othello By William Shakespeare1115 Words   |  5 PagesRiley Thompson Professor Grill LIT 200 2 November 2014 Othello Analysis Assignment Othello, a play that was written in 1604 by William Shakespeare, is an example of a type of story called a â€Å"tragedy.† Throughout the course of the work, Othello proves himself to be very easily misled, despite his heroic status. This causes him to lose his ability to make good judgments and decisions. Even though Othello had a reputation as a hero, he ends up being one of the most gullible characters in the play whenRead MoreOthello Scene Analysis1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe scene from Othello my group is performing is act 5, scene 2. In this scene, Desdemona is sleeping and Othello enters her room. He intends to kill her because he is convinced that she has cheated on him. She awakes from her slumber and she and Othello converse...Othello suggests to her that he is going to kill her, but she pleads him not to and to wait because she is not guilty of any sin against him. He does not listen to her and eventually smothers her with a pillow. Emilia then enters the roomRead MoreOthello Analysis1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe tragedy Othello is filled with a complex web of separate conflicts that are connected with each other. The external conflicts are very obvious, such as Iago trying to replace Cassio as lieutenant and Othellos belief in Desdemonas affair. In addition to these conflicts, however, many characters in the play also face their own internal conflicts in which they have to make a choice between two opposing forces. An excellent example of this internal conflict can be found in analyzing Roderigo. RoderigosRead MoreAn Aristotelian Analysis of Othello1922 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Hansen Jiang Ms. Prendi ENG3U1 July 19, 2014 An Aristotelian Analysis of Othello A tragedy is an event causing great suffering, destruction, and distress. Considering Aristotelian beliefs, a tragic hero is a great character whose character flaws eventually lead to their fall. Aristotle’s writing is indicative of what he believed to be a tragic hero, and the character Othello possesses each quality, meaning he is a successfully written tragic hero. He is of high status and nobility, both inRead MoreA Postcolonialist Analysis of the Tragedy of Othello849 Words   |  4 PagesA Postcolonialist Analysis of the Tragedy of Othello Syllabus 1. Introduction Different people have different opinions towards the tragedy of Othello. Personally, I am deeply impressed by the racial bias in this tragedy; therefore I try to analyze it from the view of postcolonialism. As you know, the tragedy of Othello has a close relation with Othello’s blackness identity. In the play, the viperous Iago makes full use of Othello’s special Moor identity, which is different from the dominantRead More Character Analysis of Othello Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesCharacter Analysis of Othello â€Å"Othello† is a tragedy and Othello is a tragic hero. Othello is a general in the service of Venice. He is good, courageous, brave and trustworthy. However he has some weaknesses such as insecurity; he is too open, naà ¯ve, and gullible, Iago plays on his weaknesses which brings about his downfall and he kills himself. This causes the suffering of innocent people like Desdemona, Emilia, Cassio and Roderigo. The audience also feel pity forRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello 1131 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Othello by Shakespeare Shakespeare is known for his use of recurring themes throughout his work, including love, death and betrayal. These themes are present in his work of Othello. However, the most fundamental issue is jealousy. The lives of the characthers in Othello are ruined by jealousy from the beginning to the end of the play. The telling of the story is carried out by passion, jealousy, and death. Shakespeare’s Othello reveals devastating tragic inevitability, stunning psychologicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello 1567 Words   |  7 PagesWOMEN’S ROLE IN SOCIETY: DISECTING THE MISOGONY IN SHAKESPEARE’S OTHELLO Judging Othello from a self-proclaimed feminist Audre Lorde’s perspective allows the reader to see the double standards women faced in the Elizabethan society. Today our society assigns gender roles to children from birth. From the baby dolls needing care and EZ Bake Oven toys, little girls are encouraged at an early onset to lead domesticated lives. Boys on the other hand, are given cars and action figures that can take rough-housingRead MoreA Formalist Analysis Of Williams Othello880 Words   |  4 PagesA Formalist Analysis of Williams Shakespeare s Othello, reveals a central theme of friendship and loyalty that veils the truth of envy and betrayal. The main antagonist of the play, Iago, appears to have the trust and friendship of every character,as the are unaware of his grim intentions. Iago is described as kind, good, wise and compassionate, as well as loyal and trustworthy. He masks his evil and is able to display innocence as pure as an angel, resulting in easy manip ulation. To our main characterRead MoreCharacter Analysis : Othello 1255 Words   |  6 PagesPavle Burazor Ms. Ã…  kiljević ENG3U1 06-Jan-2015 Character Flaws in Othello The play Othello bears great similarity to that of the Greek myth of Sisyphus, the king of Ephyra; where Sisyphus was sentenced to forever push a boulder up a hill. This makes resemblances the climb to a climax and the fall, with three main characters, each pushing a boulder up a hill; Othello one of trust, Iago one of manipulation and Roderigo pushing one of foolishness. When they finally reach the top of the hill it begins

Crisis Action Plan free essay sample

When it is determined that if any event should become disastrous to the citizens of and visitors to the City of Fort Worth, TX, the Chief of Police should order the Crisis Response Plan to be put into operation. The Fort Worth Police Department’s Crisis Response Plan is designed to institute policies and procedures for a reaction to any emergency or crisis. While it is understood that no plan can prepare for every unknown contingency, the Crisis Response Plan provides a framework from which to respond and overcome the crisis or emergency. Purpose The Crisis Response Plan is designed to efficiently manage the assets and resources of the Fort Worth Police Department to protect the lives and property of visitors, citizens, officers, and staff. The Crisis Response Plan concisely delineates the command structure and coordinates communication within the Department, with the Fort Worth Fire Department, City of Fort Worth, Tarrant County, the public via the various forms of media, and with neighboring police departments. The Crisis Response Plan includes the procedures for the rapid identification of potentially dangerous conditions and the methods for reporting and responding to these emergencies quickly calmly, and effectively. Applicability The Crisis Response Plan should effect : * All officers, Regular and Reserve, * FWPD staff, and * Civilians employed or utilized by FWPD. Policy The Crisis Response Plan cannot provide specific information and actions for every possible emergency. It should provide a framework from which all participants can be guided in their efforts. It is understood that on-the-spot decisions should be made by trained professionals, both sworn and civilian, and such decisions should be supported by the Crisis Action Management Team. Objectives The Crisis Response Plan is designed to be executed in times of emergency and crisis. It should be executed to accomplish the following priorities: * Protect the citizens of and visitors to the City of Fort Worth, TX, from harm. * Protect the property of the City of Fort Worth, both governmental and private. * Communicate effectively and truthfully to: The public, either directly or through the media, * Management of the City of Fort Worth, * Management of the County of Tarrant. The officers, supervisors, and staff of the Fort Worth Police Department, and * All members of the inter-organizational network. * Respond to activation of the Operation Partnership Emergency Network (OPEN). Assumptions Since a crisis may arise at any time, given the complexity of Fort Worth city boundaries and its large and growing population, all possible and potential crises must be considered. Each Command should create and maintain a â€Å"living† Crisis Response Plan from Crisis Response Plans submitted by their Divisions. The Crisis Response Plan for the Fort Worth Police Department should be maintained by the Chief of Staff and should be comprised of the Crisis Response Plans submitted by each Division and Command. The Fort Worth Crisis Response Plan should contain a set of operational guidelines as a foundation for addressing crises for which there has been planning and training and crises that were unforeseen. Organization The organization of the Crisis Management team is listed in Appendices A and B, and the organization chart of the Fort Worth Police Department is listed in Appendix E. It is delineated by job title in order to accommodate future changes in the chain of command. Each member should appoint a â€Å"second† to take their place in case of unavailability for whatever reason. All staff members, and their seconds, should be required to attend all Crisis Response Plan staff planning meetings. 2. Critical Organizational Functions Normal radio patrol of the city must be maintained to the extent that the crisis allows. External and internal communications, including radio, cell phone, and computer communications must be maintained at normal levels and staffing increased as necessary to handle calls from citizens. Traffic operations may be overloaded, therefore off duty radio patrol officers and reserve officers should be used to the extent necessary to meet the crisis. No consideration of overtime or budget constraints should be given during the life of the crisis. Department personnel protection is to be maintained at all times to ensure the safety and health of all officers and staff, and their family members in case of a terrorist attack. Therefore, the patrol and traffic computer terminals should have access to addresses of all officers in their district. Access should be activated by authority of the crisis management team. During a crisis, the Emergency Preparedness/Incident Command (EPIC) team should provide rest, rehabilitation, and hydration for all officers and civilians responding to and participating in the incident. This is especially needed due to the climate of our city and for the maintenance of diligence and awareness of each officer. A rested and comfortable person can better respond to meet the needs demanded by the crisis. Planning Scenarios In the event of any disaster, all members of the Crisis Management team should assemble at the Tactical Operations Center (TOC) in the Fort Worth Police Department (FWPD) Headquarters. They should be notified by FWPD dispatchers via land line, cell phone, and email. Any member that cannot be reached within fifteen (15) minutes should have a radio patrol unit dispatched to his home address for notification. The backup TOC should be located at the FWPD training academy. All mobile command posts should have the capability to act as a TOC if the primary and secondary TOCs become untenable. The chain of command of the FWPD should be observed in the absence of, or lack of communication with, any supervisor. The Crisis Response Plan should be tested under challenging and genuine simulated circumstances. The testing should involve all members of the inter-organizational network and an after-incident report should be made by each member. From those reports, any necessary amendment(s) to the Crisis Response Plan should be initiated. A. Natural Disasters Natural disasters such as flooding, ice, straight-line winds, and tornadoes should be handled pursuant to the Tarrant County Natural Crisis Response Plan. The duties of the Fort Worth Police Department should mainly be maintenance of public order, traffic direction, and protection of Fire Department, EMS, Emergency Management personnel, and visitors amp; citizens of the City of Fort Worth. To that end, each Deputy Chief, or his designate, should be on duty until the disaster is abated. The Chief of Police is a member of the Tarrant County and City of Fort Worth Crisis Management teams. He, or his designate, should be on duty until the disaster is abated. The Fort Worth Police Department is a support organization for all disaster responders with the main objectives of ensuring public order, optimizing traffic flow, and protection of the responder organizations. Man-made Disasters In the event of terrorist attack or an active shooter, the Fort Worth Police Department should be first responders within the city limits. Upon arrival of the Department of Public Safety (DPS) or Federal law enforcement authorities, all assets and resources of the Fort Worth Police Department should be made unequivocally available to the supervision of DPS and/or Federal law enforcement authorities. In the event of a suspected terrorist attack, the main duty of the Fort Worth Police department is to protect the visitors and citizens of the City of Fort Worth. The Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team should be immediately activated and prepare to engage any identified terrorists. The investigative team for terrorism, in conjunction with the Fort Worth Fire Department (FWFD) arson and bomb squad, should be activated, briefed, and deployed to gather evidence and determine the perpetrators of the terrorist act. The SWAT team has the lead in any active shooter incident. The Deputy Chiefs, Captains, or their designates, should be on duty and actively involved with an active shooter incident. Radio patrol should be tasked with the evacuation and protection of visitors and citizens at the incident location. Radio patrol should act under the supervision of the SWAT team commander. Traffic units should secure a first perimeter, under the direction of EPIC, of three (3) square blocks and a second perimeter of six (6) square blocks within which no person should be allowed to enter or leave. The traffic division should close all entrances to the city via the main arteries including freeway off ramps. If the incident occurs in an area that includes a main artery or freeway, all traffic should be diverted to city streets and directed away from the incident. The FWPD, partnering with the FWFD, should establish at least two (2) safe and secure havens for civilian within the initial perimeter as determined by EPIC. Each haven should be protected by a minimum of six (6) FWPD officers. FWPD reserve officers may be called upon to perform this duty. All communications with the media should be handled by the spokesman for the City of Fort Worth. No statements are to be made by any member of the FWPD or the FWFD. All requests for information and comments should be directed to the spokesperson at 817-555-0001. The City of Fort Worth and the FWPD should have established, and manned, a crisis hotline which should only answer questions as to evacuation when such action is deemed necessary. The public should be advised that the city has the incident under control and direct the caller not to attempt to travel to the incident location. Fictitious Disasters The City of Fort Worth, the FWFD, and the FWPD have brainstormed a scenario in which the Dow Chemical Company, located at 3300 Bolt St. , Ft. Worth, TX, 76110, became involved in a fire. The chemical gases born in the smoke would be a severe health hazard within a five (5) square mile area, and depending upon the prevailing winds, could spread seven (miles) in any direction within three (3) hours. The FWFD should have the incident supervision authority and the FWPD should be responsible for protection of the fire fighters, traffic control, and evacuation of the populace within the immediate area (10 square blocks). A ten (10) square block initial perimeter should be established immediately, allowing no entry except for first responders. After one hour, and before the second hour, if the fire is not under control, a second perimeter should be established over a twenty (20) square block area and all civilian should be evacuated beyond the second perimeter boundary. Any further boundary should be determined by the FWFD after taking prevailing winds into consideration. The FWPD reserve component should be put on alert when the initial perimeter is established and will operate under the direction of EPIC. Immediately upon the decision to establish the second perimeter, the reserve component should be called into action. Their task should be to man and enforce the second perimeter, allowing only first responders entrance therein. They should be directly under the supervision of the patrol division supervisors assigned to the incident All communications with the media should be handled by the spokesman for the City of Fort Worth. No statements are to be made by any member of the FWPD. All requests for information and comments should be directed to the spokesperson at 817-555-0001. The City of Fort Worth should have established, and manned, a crisis hotline which should only answer questions as to evacuation when such action is deemed necessary. The public should be advised that the city has the incident under control and direct the caller not to attempt to travel to the incident location. All requests for comments should be referred to the spokesman for the City of Fort Worth. The City of Fort Worth Crisis Management team should monitor the incident, and upon making the decision to evacuate the affected neighborhood(s), notify the designated media outlets. A brief, concise warning should be given the media which should be broadcast, unedited, to the public. Should blame of any kind be leveled toward the City of Fort Worth or the FWPD, the information should be communicated to the spokesman for the City of Fort Worth and the Chief the FWPD through the chain of command. Any request for comments should be directed to the spokesman and no interviews should be given in the field or at any location, by any person, except the city’s spokesman. 1. Contingency Phases Pre-crisis Phase Officers on duty should practice the observance of possible triggers or prodromes which may indicate the beginning of a possible incident or crisis. Supervisors should be contacted immediately for confirmation and notification. Officers should continue to observe and report until supervision gives alternate direction. Training with OPEN, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), Fort Worth-Tarrant Country Emergency Management, and the Fort Worth Fire Department Response Phase * Follow the Crisis Response Plan as closely as possible with the protection of lives and property governing total adherence. * Move with alacrity and purpose. * Handle each incident professionally with a sense of direction. Respond calmly in order to set an example for the citizenry. * Use good decision making skills based upon training and experience when confronted by an issue not covered in the Crisis Response Plan, keeping in mind the first objective of the response phase noted above. Recovery Phase * After-incident report by each team will be made by each Division Commander to the correspondent Deputy Chief. * Rest and rehabilitation of responders will be the responsibility of the Rehabilitation and Hydration Team of the FWPD Emergency Preparedness/Incident Command (EPIC). The Division Commanders should establish normalcy in the area(s) affected at the earliest possible moment after the order of passing crisis is given. * Restore and increase the confidence of the visitors and citizens of the City of Fort Worth by assuring them the crisis has passed and what steps they should take to resume normal activity in their area of residence or work place. The Crisis Response Plan for each level of the FWPD should be upgraded and presented to the Crisis Management Team. The Crisis Management Team should amend the Crisis Response Plan to address deficiencies and learned activities. * The Crisis Management Team should task organizational and inter-organizations re-training in the areas amended in the Crisis Response Plan. * The Crisis Management Team should begin brainstorming future crisis possibilities with the inter-organizational network with an eye toward the unthinkable. Processes and Procedures All stakeholders should plan for a worst case scenario and investigate crises experienced by other organizations outside of our immediate area of responsibility. These plans should be presented at the annual crisis management meeting for possible adoption into the current Crisis Response Plan along with the amendments necessitated by findings of the after-incident reports from inter-organizational training scenarios. Training, both departmental and inter-organizational Gaming, both departmental and inter-organizational Scenarios, both departmental and inter-organizational Communications should establish modes of communication and develop procedures and protocols with the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) in Tarrant County and designate a liaison team working in partnership with RACES.

The West Encounters and Transformations

â€Å"Voices from the Battle of the Somme† The battle of the Somme was one of the deadliest battles in the history of humanity. People seeing all those horrible deaths, corpses, gun machines had the so-called â€Å"shell shock†.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The West: Encounters and Transformations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That was a deep psychological trauma that affected people differently. In many cases men were shocked, they cried. Others were fixated on a single idea, either to run and save oneself, or kill as many enemies as possible. The loss of friends made soldiers seek for revenge. A soldier reflects upon one of the battles where he saw his friend die. This made the soldier eager to kill enemies without even noticing his wounds (Kishlansky 246). Those who saw their friends’ deaths stopped thinking about anything in the world as they saw their targets and wanted to mak e their enemies pay for their friends’ deaths. It is necessary to note that the battle was rather an unbearable experience for young soldiers. Thus, a soldier writes that he was young and he was shocked, he was ashamed of his fear (Kishlansky 243). Of course, it was really hard to find oneself in the middle of the massacre for a young boy who had faces few or no negative experiences. Those events made young boys become mature men with hardened hearts. Such experiences made people change their attitude towards death. Thus, one of the stories shows the difference between the attitude of a veteran and a newcomer. Thus, newcomers were shocked, they could not bear seeing even one man’s death (Kishlansky 247).Advertising Looking for assessment on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, veterans counted in tens or even hundreds. It was not about cruelty, veterans got used to death which was all around the batt le field. Ernst Junger â€Å"Storm Of Steel† When writing the story, Junger believed the war was an â€Å"incomparable schooling of the heart† (249). He thought that his war experience made him stronger. He claimed that the war was a great lesson he learnt as he learned more about human nature. He saw that men possessed a great will which led them to victory. When Junger asked one soldier about the situation, the latter told him of the horrible noise, shells, guns, messed trenches and corpses (Junger 250). The soldier also said that it was always difficult to understand what was what (where the enemy was, where English troops were). This description did not differ from what Junger and his men had to experience in trenches some time later. The war affected all in quite the same way. Men were shocked and disoriented. Many did not know what to do. Even Junger, who had to lead his men, was not always sure in what was right and what really should have been done. Junger depi cts the picture of a town devastated by the war (250). He tells about partly destroyed houses, corpses everywhere. Many people died in that war (military people, civilians, children). He also mentions gardens where fruits rot as there are no people to collect the fruits. When reading the last lines of the story it is quite difficult to state that it is an antiwar novel as the author states that he is proud of soldiers who are committed to give their lives to achieve some goals. However, when reading the story it is obvious that the war is a horrible and rather meaningless thing. Thousands and millions of people died without even understanding what was what. Thus, it is possible to assume that it is an antiwar story as it shows horrors of the war.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The West: Encounters and Transformations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More V.I. Lenin â€Å"What Is To Be Done?† Lenin claims that workers should be educated by revolutionaries. Lenin states that workers should know the major doctrines of socialism to be able to build the new order. He also stresses that there can be no dissent as it will make the working class weaker and vulnerable. Lenin rejects trade unionism as he sees trade unions as another way to control and exploit the working class (Lenin 257). He claims that trade unions are governed by bourgeoisie which is the major enemy of the working class. Therefore, Lenin argues that there should be no trade unions as workers should not allow bourgeoisie rule. Lenin argues that revolutionary movement has to have strong organizations of trained revolutionaries who will educate workers, provide and spread literature. These revolutionaries have to make their revolutionary activity their priority. The organizations of these revolutionaries should be rather small, but they should be supported by the crowd. Lenin explains his desire to make the movement highly c entralized by the necessity to keep the core of the movement in secret to secure the entire movement. Of course, this centralization would make Lenin the head of the movement. It actually made him the only ruler of the new country. It is possible to claim that the document can be regarded as an effective blueprint for would-be revolutionaries. The document is a good example of how a politician can explain his seek for power by noble goals. The document also highlights ways of leading the secret fight against those in power. Works Cited Junger, Ernst. â€Å"Storm of Steel.† Sources of the West: From 1600 to the Present. Ed. Mark Kishlansky. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2011. 249-252. Print. Kishlansky, Mark. Sources of the West: From 1600 to the Present, Harlow: Pearson Education, 2011. Print.Advertising Looking for assessment on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lenin, Vladimir Ilich. â€Å"What Is to Be Done?† Sources of the West: From 1600 to the Present. Ed. Mark Kishlansky. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2011. 256-259. Print. This assessment on The West: Encounters and Transformations was written and submitted by user Kyndall Jennings to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

“The Voice of Ile a Morphil” free essay sample

In this particular case, it seems to have been beneficial to the less developed country, by providing funding, advice and schools. Development Aid is a good notion, but is often executed poorly, such as mining in third world countries. When done right, development aid is beneficial to both parties, and can help develop a region without unethically harming its culture. In many cases of development aid, the less developed country receives â€Å"help† in the form of job opportunities and money. While this approach will increase the GNI per capita, and purchasing power parity, it will not necessarily benefit the Human Development Index. There are numerous examples of Development Aid gone wrong. When a company or country takes an interest in the resources of a third world country, it often overlooks the cultural and environmental impact of their operations. The Grasberg gold mine is one example of where development aid only results in ruin of local communities. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Voice of Ile a Morphil† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page PT Freeport Indonesia, the company that runs the mine, has taken four hundred feet off of a sacred mountain to the local people (Danny Kennedy). PT Freeport Indonesia has said that its presence will help the Paupuan Agribusiness by providing infrastructure. The farmers and fisherman used to sell and trade amongst themselves; PT Freeport Indonesia says that they are providing infrastructure and development aid, but in reality are only hurting the local traditions and Culture (Paupan Agribusiness). The development aid provided to the people in the documentary â€Å"The Voice of Ile a Morphil† was more beneficial to the less developed country. Ton, the head of the program, cared about the people and their culture. He would spend time there and participate with the community. By providing funding, advice, and being persistent, the program was able to help the local community more than if they had solely provided jobs. If a region is not ready for technology, such as tractors, it will go to waste. By giving the people simple irrigation systems and some credit to be able to buy seed and pump repairs, the people prospered, while the culture remained unharmed. This situation is an example of development aid that was planned and executed well. In conclusion, development aid is a good idea, but is often not the actual goal of a supranational organization. In most cases the company or organization is just looking to turn a profit, and disregards the people and environment of the region they are exploiting. It is unethical for companies to change a people’s culture and way of life for their own greed. When a program like LFM gives â€Å"help† their goals are to give enough money, advice and resources to develop on their own, LFM is not looking to abuse the region. When development aid is done right, it provides a region with the tools it needs to develop infrastructure without harming the regions culture.

Polythene Pollution Essay Example

Polythene Pollution Essay Example Polythene Pollution Paper Polythene Pollution Paper a petroleum product is a suspected human carcinogen or cancer-causing agent. In studies with mice, polyethylene has been linked to cancer of the colon. When these bags come in direct contact with food, as in packaging, chemicals within the bag can each out into the food and contaminate it. When burned they release cancer- ; Polythene can also cause AIDS and thrombosis. Causing gases. ; About 1 billion sea animals die each year by ingesting polythene bags mistakenly. The plastic bags on ingestion may wrap around their gut or they choke them to death. Steps to Combat Polythene Pollution ; Plastic polythene bags must be banned altogether or by levying tax on plastic bags, polythene pollution may be checked. Polythene materials may be considered for recycling. Very few fractions of polythene containers an be recycled like polythene containers for soft drink, milk, water bottles. ; People must be encouraged to use wax paper instead of polyethylene products, to use cloth or hemp or jute or paper bags instead of plastic bags. ; More public awareness has to be created explaining about the harmful impact of polythene pollution. Advantages an d Disadvantages of Polythene: Polythene is mainly used for the packaging purposes. Polythene is found to be a lightweight material. Its also defined as a thermoplastic material. This polythene is mainly made from the substance called ethylene. These also having many of the properties for the composition. This is mainly used for the consumer products. Polythene is having many advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of Polythene The advantages of polythene are given below, ; Polythene has one of the advantages of lightweight material, which is mainly used for the packaging purposes. ; Polythene also finds an important component in the spoilage Of food. In reduces the food Wastage. ; The Polythene ducting is very much suitable for the air coolers, fans, heater equipment, and air handling units. By the usage of polythene bags it is very much compatible for the consumers. It is useful than the glass or paper. ; Polythene has also finds the advantage of transparency. One can easily view the materials inside the polythene bags. Disadvantages of Polythene The disadvantages of polythene are given below, ; Polythene is defined as one of the harmful substances, when w e throw it in the soil it will easily damage the plant life. The soil particles are also ad managed. ; Polythene is also having the disadvantages of damaging the water particles. The toxic chemicals present in the making of polythene will damage the plants and animals easily. It also damages the ecosystems of aquatic and marine. ; Polythene gas one of the disadvantages in the pipe blocking. If we use the [polythene in the pipe blocking it will leads to free flow of the water particles. ; If the polythene chemicals are inhaled by the animals means, it damages the abdominal cavity of the animal. ; If we preserve food items in the colorful polythene bag, it also harmful because the color of the bag contains the chemicals like lead and the cadmium.

Four Types of Experimental Designs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Four Types of Experimental Designs - Essay Example This report examines four fairly common research methodologies: survey research, case study research, ethnography, and mixed design. The pros and cons of each design are assessed, and examples are given. A survey or questionnaire is considered to be a relatively accessible, flexible research option. Generally, flexible designs offer benefits to research that is willing to change as new variables come up throughout the process, whereas fixed or quantitative designs such as will be mentioned later, offer benefits to research that is about stabilizing and controlling a certain state of variables or predictions. The quantitative or qualitative survey method is a popular choice among researchers. This methodology differs from explicit ethnography in that it is more rationalized and quantitative in nature, and primarily seeks to answer research questions through the proposition that scientific research cannot be proposed without substantive or grounded data to back it up. This makes the us e of statistical information very popular with other type theorists, but getting statistics on the future is difficult, and therefore this is another appropriate reason for the research subject to be covered in a quantitative survey manner, rather than grounded theory or ethnographic methods. When researchers use a survey, they often wind up finding out new research questions and directions, while measuring the opinions and attitudes of subjects. At the same time, they can present their data in a scientific way, through the use of ANOVA, SPSS software, and other methods.

What does it mean to say humankind was made in the image of God Essay

What does it mean to say humankind was made in the image of God (Biblical Anthropology) - Essay Example The issue is not with the revelations. Spiritual revelations of all the divine incarnates is one and the same, for they speak from beyond-the mind level, where bliss alone, the Eternal Light alone, revels. That perfect state transcends dualities or confusion. All dogmas are related to the mind-level understanding of the humankind. Perfection is not possible at this level. One has to cross the barrier of mind. â€Å" All dogmatism has this in common, that they are clothed with a certain authority. Naturally, the basis of this authority differs. Scientific dogmas have the authority of the axiomatic or self-evident truth. Philosophical dogmas deserve their authority from the generally admitted arguments by which they are established. Political dogmas are clothed with the authority of the government by which they are decreed. And religious dogmas are based on divine revelation(either real or supposed), and are therefore authoritative.†(Louis, p.18) But revelations are unquestionab le and are beyond the scope of arguments and counter-arguments. The essential difference between religion and spirituality needs to be understood. Spirituality is all-embracing for the entire humankind. If one turns the pages of history, they are daubed in the bloodshed related to conflicts between the different religious communities. â€Å"Hence this should not introduce God as an object about which man must speak, but as a subject which addresses man, and to which man must respond.†(Louis, p.11) When one talks about man in relation to God, the first question that arises in ones mind is the justification for the existence of an individual. There is a purpose behind ones arrival in this planet, a plan behind ones existence and a reason for the final departure, once liberated from the mortal bindings. Being born and to walk up to the grave is not the real purpose of life. â€Å"Christian religious faith is faith in the regeneration of man who is alienated

Topic about non-pofit and non-governmental organizations Essay

Topic about non-pofit and non-governmental organizations - Essay Example The greatest challenge confronted by NPOs today is the emergence of financial shortages posed by regular government cutbacks resulting in funders who prefer supporting short-term projects rather than long-term activities. NPOs immensely rely on their volunteers for various tasks such as fundraising, performing office works and other tasks related with the NPOs. Besides, the increasing competition among the NPOs have resulted in diminishing funding and raised various difficulties in acquiring corporate support. It has been majorly influenced by this aspect that the small non-profit organizations have emerged as the prime sufferers of the intense organizational competition (Stowe & Barr, 2005). Consequently, many NPOs have tailored programs limited towards meeting the needs of funders, only which has increased the risk of ‘mission drift’ among both large and small NPOs (Cheng & Mohamed, 2010). In the similar context, the structure of NGOs may take several forms such as lar ge or small, bureaucratic or flexible as well as it may be practiced in an informal or formal form. NGOs largely rely on its supporters and volunteers as well as on its staffs with the intention of availing adequate manpower in order to satisfy the organizational objectives. Similar to NPOs, funds are required by the NGOs as well to support their charitable operations (Australian Council for International Development, 2010). It is in this context that the fundraising costs of NGOs at times are observed to be problematic by a certain extent. Correspondingly, the activities related to fundraising of NGOs may be affected by inter-organizational factors including organizational values, resources and other external factors such as restrictions posed by government laws and regulations. The common fundraising sources that are adopted by organizations include government grants, roadside collections, special events, membership and online donations among others (Cheng & Mohamed, 2010). NPOs a nd NGOs are important elements of any society that aims to benefit the citizens to raise their living standard and seek cooperation from other to help them in performing their tasks efficiently. Nonetheless, it is not an easy task for the organizations to conduct activities conveniently as several factors act as hindrances in this context. For instance, in the current era, human sympathies are often considered as insufficient for reforming societies or eliminating social causes such as poverty, illiteracy, and other social causes or rescuing people during natural calamities rendering greater significance monetary values and economic benefits. Therefore, funds, as well as skilled and hard working staffs are also required in order to efficiently meet the challenges faced by the citizens of various nations (Australian Council for International Development, 2010). The organizations often obtain grants provided by governments and donations collected from various people and members which in most instances prove to be inadequate in meeting the financial requirements. Furthermore, with the increase in the human population, the vulnerability of unfavorable circumstances also tends to be increased. In this course, the organizations need to expand their area of

An Analysis Of The Sony Corporation

An Analysis Of The Sony Corporation Current Activities Today, the Sony Corporation is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Toyko, Japan. The company is one of the worlds largest media conglomerates and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronics, video, communication, video games consoles and IT products for the consumer and profession markets. However, Sony is better known for its high quality consumer electronics, which account for 61% of total revenues. In 2008, the company had revenues exceeding  ¥7.730.00 Trillion or $78.88. (Rugman, 2009) Products Modern day Sony is known for its innovative products such as; the Triniton colour television; Bravia High Definition television; Playstation video console; VAIO laptop; Music mobile phones; Walkman and Discman personal stereos. (See Appendix B. For a list of Sonys product) Modern Strategy Culture Industry and Media Synergy Sony is recognised as a total entertainment company. This means it is no longer simply a manufacturer of technological hardware but is an integral part of a culture industry. Sony likes to adopt a media synergy. This term was employed to refer to a strategy, adopted by many hardware and software producing companies of attempting to synchronize and actively forge connections between directly related technologies and areas of entertainment. (du Gay, 1997) Products For its audio-visual products Sonys strategy boils down to producing audio, visual and electronic gadgets and controlling the content that goes through them. For example, Sonys successful Playstation 2 games console allows the company to provide the hardware necessary for the firm to capture the games market. (Rugman, 2009) The strategy reflects Sonys media synergy which came partly from an acknowledgment that Sonys Walkman1 was useless without the cassette that was inserted to it, which was in turn useless without the musical recording artists and the companys Betamax videocassette2 recorder was useless without video-cassettes of films and music. (du Gay, 1997) Moreover, the outright ownership of CBS (music), MGM (movies) and Sony BMG (Music) allows the company access the film and movie industry and music artists. These are forms of entertainment which are viewed and listened to via Sonys products. Market To support the companys commitment to succeeding globally and understanding how business is performed elsewhere, the company seeks to fit into host country communities. Therefore Sony seeks to: Hire locally Strike a balance between the home culture and local culture Participate in the local community. In addition, Sony prefers to list the company on the local stock exchange; appoint well respected local executives to the Board of Directors; and create a local product distribution system. (du Gay, 1997) Internationalisation History Sonys entry into foreign markets appears to have followed the typical internationalization process. (See Figure 1.1) The company initially obtained a license from a US company, Bell Lab, in order to recreate the transistor technology in its radio. These products were produced with success and first introduced to the local Japanese market. The products were then exported to markets of similar consuming habits. Export of these goods occurred via a distributors and then some time later through the companys own subsidiaries. Factories were then established in different markets, where products could be produced closer to the export market and at a cost discount. The final stage of the FDI process occurred when Sony embarked upon opening its own RD and marketing facilities, enabling lasting market presence and understanding of foreign markets. The growth of Sony as a company and its technologies occurred within a process of interaction between the US and Japan. As the company grew, Sony executives gained knowledge from constant visits to the US, acquired the rights to produce transistors from the US and found that North America provided a major market for its audio-visual products. The adoption of the name Sony and the standardization of products such as the Walkman were adopted with the aim of being a global brand (du Gay, 1997) Sony first embarked upon FDI via a wholly owned subsidiary in the US in 1960. However, over the last 60 years it has engaged in Joint Ventures (JVs), Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) and Strategic Alliances. (E.G. Sony-Ericsson, Sony-Microsoft and Sony-Sharpe) Throughout the 1980s two important developments indicate how Sony began actively extending its presence as a global corporation. First, the company aimed to operate in all markets across the world, to reach as many potential consumers as possible. Second, the company aimed to reorganize processes of production in such a way so that they would not be limited to the constraints of the nation state. In such a case, a particular concern was how the effectiveness and international competitiveness of Japanese companies were constrained by the value of the Japanese YEN. This meant that goods produced in Japan were more expensive when exported and in competition with those in other parts of the world. (du Gay, 1997) To pursue these aims, Sony adopted a strategy of globalisation that involved moving their manufacturing and marketing operations to different locations around the world and setting up local operations in different locations around the world. (du Gay, 1997) One of Sonys motives for moving its manufacturing operations was a straight-forward attempt to follow its competitors and reduce labour costs. For example, the first Walkmans were manufactured and assembled in Japan so that the companys management could be close to operations and make any necessary modifications, once up and running and not requiring so many modifications, additional assembly factories were established in Malaysia and Taiwan. (du Gay, 1997) The gradual move came to move operations so that they could respond directly to local conditions. For example, Teletext was developed onsite in the UK and Triniton TV was developed locally in France. (du Gay, 1997) An additional practical consideration was that by establishing and presenting themselves as a local company, Sony could use various national and pan regional rules and regulations to gain the most appropriate and cost effective environment to manufacture and produce its products. The company could exploit cheap labour in Malaysia, take advantage of grants there were available to attract new electronic industries in the UK. (du Gay, 1997) In the 1980s 1990s, Sony began to rapidly expand into Europe. (See Appendix A- history timeline). Sony was vigorous in its international expansion. The company chose to expand into similar markets, such as US and Europe. These markets had large populations, high incomes per capita and a consumer culture. Therefore, the other two TRIAD regions were good markets to promote and sell Sony products. The companys strategy is to be present in its market of distribution and therefore it established a number of factories to develop and distribute its products. The objective is to understand the local market and consumer demands. Sony has a strategy of introducing its products first to its local market (Japan), testing consumer preferences and then introduces these products to its international markets. The adoption of the name Sony (in 1957) was also an attempt to communicate the brand and its products to the market. Sony was able to do this over a significant period of time. Sony learnt significantly from technological, productivity and efficiency improvements this was a stimulant for its international trade and the international product life cycle. (Vernon, 1966) Today, Sony has developed a strategy to not only create technology but to control the content that goes into them. Therefore Sony has embarked upon a number of MAs. First with a 50/50 JV with CBS, which Sony eventually bought outright and also a venture with Columbia Tristar Pictures, MGM, BMI and a number of media companies. Sony has also embarked upon JVs with software companies such as Microsoft. The companys strategy is to be present across all levels of the entertainment industry. CASE STUDIES SONY WALKMAN Walkman is a trademark of Sony Corporation, used originally to market its range of portable audio players. In July, 1979, the original Sony Walkman portable music player the TPS L2 was introduced. Sony promoted the concept of enjoying music, anywhere, anytime using industry advertisements featuring celebrities with the product. The first Walkman was marketed under the Walkman brand in Japan, but in other markets it was originally sold under various names including Soundabout (USA), Stowaway (UK) and Freestyle in Australia. Walkman players become very popular in Japan and foreign tourists visiting Japan who bought them as souvenirs, this prompted Sony to standardise the name to Walkman worldwide (Uggla and Verick, 2008) SONY-ERICSSON Sony Ericcson was established as a 50/50 Joint Venture in 2001 by Sony and Ericsson (a mobile communications infrastructure and systems business based in Sweden) Sony Ericsson functions as a separate entity designing, producing and marketing cellular phones and accessories. It had revenues of 13 billion euros in 2007, from the scale of 100 million units which is a global market share of 9%. (Uggla and Verick, 2008) Sony Ericsson had recognised a segment for dedicated music phones various MP-3 enabled handsets were on the market but there was little differentiation among them. Sony Ericsson decided to investigate and launch a music phone. The company decided to incorporate Walkman into the music phone branding. Sony established that Walkman branding encouraged around 67% of people to buy the phone by adding credibility to the music player. (Uggla and Verick, 2008) Internationalisation Theories The following trade theories are applicable to Sonys process when entering new markets: Dunnings Eclectic Paradigm of Internationalisation Sony was able to successfully expand abroad due to its firm specific and intellectual competitive advantages. Furthermore, the company had successfully established itself in its home market and generating sufficient expertise to export its high-tech consumer electronics abroad. FSA Sony possesses FSAs through the development of intellectual capital. In addition, the Sony brand names (e.g. Walkman, Playstation, Triniton, Bravia) carry significant worldwide consumer value Due to superior FSAs over both domestic and international rivals Sony was able to engage in FDI. Amongst other things Sonys first FSA was it transistor technology. Through this, Sony was able to differentiate itself from its rivals. It was able to provide high tech, desirable products. Sonys FSA also came from its personnel. The companys co-owners (a Physicist and an Engineer), managers and other employees were of high quality, possessed a high degree of technical know-how and desire to improve the companys industry position. Internalisation Sony possesses know-how and competitive advantage through the development of its products first at home and then applying this knowledge to foreign markets such as the USA and the Europe. As previously mentioned Sony was able to acquire foreign technology. The technology licence provided access to the transistor and allowed Sony to gain foreign technological know-how. According to Dunnings Eclectic paradigm Sonys strategy allowed the firm to acquire an intangible asset (transistor technology) apply this technology to its products, and then create a firm specific advantage. The intangible asset provided Sony with an exclusive piece of know-how that was specific to the firm. CSA Sony embarked upon FDI through the sale of its products not only in its home market but also in the US, Europe and eventually the rest of the world. For example, once the transistor had been applied to its radio, Sony sold this item in markets with similar tastes and income per capita. For example, after introducing the TR-55 radio to Japan in 1955, Sony then exported and sold its radios in the US and next Europe in 1957. This could not have occurred without the existence of consumer demand. Sony also took advantage of favourable industry subsidies and national legislation, which encouraged the presence of high tech industries for example, the opening of Bridgend Factory in Wales. According to the eclectic paradigm, all three of the conditions necessary for FDI were present when Sony started its internationalisation process. Sony sought to increase its internalisation advantages and reduce transaction costs, through the purchase and development of new technology and reduce transaction costs through the establishment of its own subsidiary and factory. Sonys actions increased its firm-specific advantages, through know-how and innovation. The company internalised and possessed an advantage over its rivals by retaining the technological know-how, rather than licence it to its competitors. Sony reduced the risk and threats from competitors by retaining its knowledge. Distribution Sonys Initial decision to export its products via a distributor illustrates that company saw value in having a presence within the US market, but the company lacked significant knowledge of the market to justify distributing the products itself. Moreover, it was profitable to export products to the US as there was an abundance of wealth, the US consumer culture, and retail distribution networks. However, trade barriers, import taxes and unfavourable distribution contracts eventually led Sony to establish a subsidiary within the US market. Overseas Production Malaysia Furthermore, Sony eventually located part of its production process to Malaysia. This occurred once the company was satisfied with its local and international products. This also occurred in order to offset the rising costs in the home market, Japan. Sony was able to engage in FDI to Malaysia as the company had generating sufficient amounts of FSAs and ISAs. Uppsala Internationalisation Process Model Part of Sonys business strategy is known as localisation, which is the commitment to gaining market knowledge, cultural understanding and business expertise. Sony has initially licensed its transistor know-how from the US, it was decided that the company should also introduce its products to this market. The Uppsala model can therefore be applied to Sonys internationalisation process. When Sony first entered the US and Europe markets, the company knew little about local consumer demand. The attractions were solely the educated populations, high incomes per capita, government trade measures and distribution networks. In addition, Sony believed that consumers in these markets were similar to those in Japan. When Sony Executive visited the US and Europe, they collected data collection and studied local consumer demand, at this point it was decided to export products to these locations. Sony then committed itself to further to the US and then Europe, through the establishment of its foreign subsidiaries, Sony America and Sony Corporation S.A. in 1960. The establishment of these subsidiaries resulted in further FDI, through distribution systems, marketing campaigns and listing on the local Stock Exchange. Sony was able to overcome some of its foreign company disadvantage as its held a constant presence within the local markets. The company committed itself to understanding how consumers behave and their reactions to new products. Sony was eventually able to engage in FDI as it gained significant knowhow, from exporting, distributing and establishing its own subsidiary, reducing transaction costs. Sony also used its current operating model and consumer tastes to establish itself in markets which it believed to be similar its own. For example, when Sony introduced its VAIO laptop to the US, the price and high technical specifications unlike Japan, were not popular with US consumers. Sony eventually modified its laptops to US consumer tastes. This led to a reduction in price and operating features which US consumers preferred. Joint Ventures (JVs) and Partnerships Sonys JVs, partnerships, mergers and acquisitions can be understood through the application of the Uppsala business model The JV with Ericsson allows the company to gain a first mover advantage from standard setting in the mobile telecommunication industry. Also, the JV allows instant access to the European consumer markets. The company seeks to gain an understanding of these distinct markets but does not have the time and know how. The JV establishes instant knowledge, with reduced acquisition times, creating instant presence and expertise within these markets. Hymerian Theory Monopolistic Advantage Theory Sonys issuance of ADRs in the early 1960s can be understood through the Hymers theory of Monopolistic Advantage, Market Power approach and Product and Factor market imperfections. Sony was able to exploit market imperfections as it could overcome threats from local firms due its ownership advantages (superior technological know-how, economies of scale at home) and other internalised advantages (managerial experience, product developments, existing supply chains, cost advantages). This allowed Sony to obtain favourable political ties, market connections and social positioning; despite the fact Sony was a foreign firm. It was therefore advantageous for local Americans to take an equity position within such a rapidly emerging company. Moreover, Sony was operating in an oligopolistic market, according to Hymers theory of Monopolistic Advantage; FDI takes place in such markets or industries rather than markets or industries operating under near perfect competition. Markets imperfections, allowed Sony to obtain global competitive advantage. Companys which offer investors consistently high rates of return, due to good products and consumer confidence is attractive to investors. Further investment into Sony, allows it to maintain its position of technological superiority. In addition, Sonys technological expertise meant that its products were attractive not only in Japan but throughout the rest of the world. But, Sony initially lacked knowledge in marketing and distribution and so initially used a distributor partner to export its products. This eventually changed when Sony acquired its own distribution system. For example, when Sony first introduced the Walkman in 1979, it did so in its home market first and followed this by introducing it under different brand names, Soundabout (USA); Stowaway (UK); and Freestyle in Australia (Uggla and Verick, 200) The company eventually standardised the Walkman name in the early 1980s. The adoption of the name was to communicate the brand and its products to the market. Sony was able to do this over time and learnt from technology and efficiency improvement which its applied it each of its markets. Product and Factor Market Imperfections Sony embarked upon FDI as it understood it was able to overcome threats from local firms. Sonys strategy is to understand its consumers locally. The company therefore engages in RD and production in most of its subsidiary locations or within close proximity. This is so that it understands consumer tastes and local demand. This strategy can be explained using Caves, Product and factor imperfection. Sony is a market leader and so has superior technological experience and finance to establish local RD and production facilities to understand and satisfy consumer sensibilities. This provided an advantage as the company could combine its know-how, to create products that rival indigenous firms. Internalisation Theory This applies to Sony as the company chose to enter the US under its own brand name as opposed to developing the technology and then selling it on to another company. It retained the knowledge, applied it to its new markets and gained an understanding of consumers in these locations. The company also established subsidiaries as opposed to export via distributors. Market Power Approach This theory applies to Sony through the number of mergers and acquisition the company has engaged in over the last 30 years. Sony has embarked upon a number of mergers and acquisitions throughout its history. The companys strategy is to own not only the content of its technology but also the means by which this technology is used. This has encouraged Sony to acquire music, film, and gaming companies, in order to better understand its consumers but also dictate the market. For example, the company has increased its power by being dominant within consumer electronics both nationally and internationally. In 2001, the 50 /50 Joint venture with Ericsson (a mobile communicate infrastructure and systems business based in Sweden) created a separate entity whereby Sony designs, produces and markets cellular phones and accessories. In 2007, the company had revenues of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬13 billion, from the sale of 100 million units which is a global market share of 9%. (Uggla and Verick, 2007) The partnership between these two firms establishes the argument that international production is conducted between industrialized countries and their companies. Moreover, this partnership was established so that both companies could gain a competitive advantage over domestic and international rivals. The ability of both companies to exploit the know-how of the partner and move into new industries can be understood through the market power approach. Sony is now active in the global mobile telecommunications industry. This has allowed it to internalise its know how further, and provided instant market presence within a new industry and new international markets. Word Count 3,419 Figure 1.1 Internationalisation Process Figure 1.1 Entry into foreign markets: the internationalisation process (Source: Rugman, 2009) SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Sony is a large corporation, it is able to concentrate and dedicate manpower to product quality, RD, marketing, distribution, etc. The company has very few time and financial constraints. Brand names and company know how Internal management Key products e.g., Sony Playstation Sony designs, manufactures and sells its own products. Sonys return on investment has been low because of the large amount of capital dedicated to its factories. Sonys Return on Equity is typically around 5%, this could be higher. Large workforce OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Focus on BRIC and emerging economies Continue seeking diverse JVs with industry leading companies e.g., Sony Ericsson Continue to develop and improve key consumer electronics, TV, computers, MP3 and wireless technology New growth areas Mobile phone internet technology Outsourced manufacturing to increase Return on Equity Large Organisation Must remain streamline Economic slowdown Interest rate differentials Flat sales, falling profit margins Late comer to key electronic sectors, such as flat-screen TVs and digital videodisc recorders. Appendices Appendix A. Timeline In 1952 Totsuko (Sony) launched a successful tape-recorder business In 1955 Totsuko adopted the name Sony, it was believed that the name had not only universal appeal but also easy to pronounce. The company also launched its first Transistor Radio the TR-55 in this same year. In 1955, Sony enters into an agreement with Delmonico International to distribute it products within the US. In December, 1958 Sony launched its pocket sized radio the TR-63 to the US market. In January 1958, Sony is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. In 1959, Sony decides to distribute its own products. (To protect its brand name) The group established Sony America and Sony Overseas S.A. established near Zurich, Switzerland, in 1960. The group launched the worlds first direct-view portable TV, the TV8-301. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 1961, the group was the first Japanese company to offer shares in the US, in the form of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) on the OTC market of the New York Stock Exchange. In the following year, the group launched the worlds smallest and lightest transistor TV, TV5-303. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 1968, Sony (UK) Ltd. was established in the UK (later recognised as Sony UK Ltd., in 1993). The CBS/ SONY Records Inc. a 50 50 JV with CBS Inc of the US was also established this year. In 1970, Sonys shares were listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1971, Sony launched 3/4 -inch u-matic colour video cassette recorder. (Datamonitor, 2008) A factory was established in San Diego, California, in 1972, followed by a factory in Bridgend, Wales in 1974, which served both the UK and Europe. The Betamax VCR, the SL-6300, the worlds first home -use video system was introduced in 1975. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 1979, Sony Prudential Life insurance Co. Ltd, the 50-50 joint venture with Prudential Insurance Co. Of America, was established. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 1979, Sony launched the Walkman, the 3.5 inch micro floppy disk drive in 1981; the worlds first CD player in 1982; the first consumer camcorder in 1983; 8mm video in 1988 and the first digital VTR in 1985. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 1988, the group bought CBS Record to form Sony Music Entertainment, and in 1989, the company purchased Columbia pictures, forming Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc., in 1991. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 1990, Sony acquires 12 business including CBS records INC and Columbia Tristar Pictures. In 1993, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc, was established, during the same time Sony launched the VAIO a home-se PC series. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 2001, the group established Sony Bank in Japan and Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 2001, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications established In 2002, Sony absorbs Aiwa (a form Japanese audio visual manufacturer) via merger In 2003, Sony launched the worlds first next generation high capacity optical Blu-ray Disc recorder BDZ-S77. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 2004, Sony established a music distribution company, Sony BMG Music Entertainment. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 2005, Sony completed the acquisition of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), one of the worlds largest privately held, independent motion picture, television and home video companies. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 2009, the Sony decided to form a joint venture (JV) with Sharp Corporation. The JV which will be established in March 2010, will engage in the manufacturing and sales of liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal module. (Datamonitor, 2008) Appendix B. Sonys Main Brands Name Type of product Bravia Visual Cybershot Phone Discman Audio Playstation (23) Games Console Trinton Visual Walkman Audio Source: Datamonitor Sony Corporation Appendix C. Sonys Main Competitors Source: Datamonitor Sony Corporation Appendix D. Sonys Business Activities Sony operates through five segments; 1.Electronic, 2.Games, 3.Finance, 4.Pictures and 5. Others Source: Datamonitor Sony Corporation Source: Datamonitor Sony Corporation Source: Datamonitor Sony Corporation Source: Datamonitor Sony Corporation Source: Datamonitor Sony Corporation Appendix E. Sony Products Source: Datamonitor Sony Corporation

Essay --

For decades, America has been the fastest growing economy country in the world, and Detroit was one of the most leading populous city in the United States. Back in 1930, Detroit was the fastest growing city, but now is the fastest shrinking city with more than 100, 000 abandoned homes (Heidi Ewing and Rachel Grady). Similarly, Bay Area economy was the envy of the nation with high employment rates and GDP growth like Detroit in the 1930s, and is currently suffering from losing jobs, residents, and status. Both Detroit and the Bay Area are single resource-based industries - where Detroit is manufacturing dominated, and Bay Area is high technology dominated. However, the Bay Area will not go bankrupt and become a ghost town in fifty years, because its high diversities in the economic opportunities are attracting people to stay and work here. High educated and talented people is the fundamental for the economic development in the cities. In Detroit, many workers in the car industries are either unskilled or low skilled workers with only high school diplomas simply because of those works do not need special talents or skills in order to have the work done. Due to the division of labor, large jobs are breaking down into many tiny components. â€Å"Under this regime each worker becomes an expert in one isolated area of production, thus increasing his efficiency† (Adam Smith). Detroit was not creating suitable jobs for high educated or professional people to work there; therefore, it caused the brain drain. Brain drain by definition means â€Å"the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another usually for better pay or living conditions (Merriam Webster Dictionary). This means that high skil... ...cars. According to Nancy Andrews, Christopher Kirkpatrick, and Eric Millikin, â€Å"Detroit went on a binge starting around 2000 to close budget holes and to build infrastructure, more than doubling debt to $8 billion by 2012.† Detroit was borrowing money to build these infrastructures that are not capable of doing other things except to build cars; therefore, when other countries cars has found out other ways to make cheap cars and to sell their cars for a cheaper price, Detroit cannot lower their cars’ prices due to their loans for building the infrastructures. However, the Bay Area will not go bankrupt because it is not in debt. In contrast, the Bay Area is gaining a revenue, which the grand total revenue is $6670.6 millions in the year of 2013. In addition, the Bay Area is planning to gain a revenue of $276.92 billions in next twenty eight years (Plan Bay Area).

Lan Operating Systems Scenarios

Read the three scenarios below, then answer the questions that follow each scenario. 1. You are the network administrator for a new company that has 10 users and plans to add five more users within a year. The files need to be accessed by all 10 users and each user must have different security rights. What kind of network would you install and how would the pieces and components of this network relate to each other? Define each component. For this situation, I would first recommend a server, which an administrator can assign different security rights. Second, I would recommend a star topology network with a central switch. A star topology is the easiest topology to manage and add other devices. The switch is the best central device to use to segment traffic and alleviate collisions that would occur from a hub. The components such as the nodes would connect to the switch, which would allow communication with the other nodes or devices. In addition, Ethernet cables would be needed to connect to the back of the PC or NIC card. 2. You are the network administrator for a company that has a peer-to-peer network. How would the pieces and components of this network relate to each other? Define all of the components of this type of network. In a peer-to-peer network, all of the devices connected to the network share each other’s resources. This is common in a LAN network that does not have a server. 3. You are the administrator of a client-server environment. What kind of network would you install and how would the pieces and components of this network relate to each other? Define each component of a typical client-server environment. In this scenario, I would again recommend a star topology due to its manageability and scalability. In this model, one would need computers, server, cables, and operating systems. The nodes would go through the switch or router and then that device would get those resources from the serever..

A Review of Brave New World Essay Example

A Review of Brave New World Essay Example A Review of Brave New World Essay A Review of Brave New World Essay Essay Topic: Brave New World A life truly lived What is a life truly lived? Can one be happy all the time? To truly experience all that life has to offer, one must be able to compare the good and the bad. To know what happiness is, one must know sadness and to appreciate the highs, one must overcome the lows. In Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, we can see that a life without both good and bad experiences is a flat line and does not complete a person. Bernard was not happy though he was a member of Brave New World, Helmholtz was incomplete though seemingly happy and actually chose a ‘less-than-ideal’ life while Linda thought she was happy, but when she tried to apply her lifestyle in a new environment, she was unsuccessful and eventually died of overdosing on the one thing she felt was making her happy. Bernard is an excellent example of the flaws in Brave New World’s philosophy. Brave New World prides itself on happiness, â€Å"Our civilization has chosen machinery and medicine and happiness. (Huxley, p 234) Though he is part of Brave New World, Bernard does not feel happy because of his height. â€Å"’He’s so ugly! ’ said Fanny. [†¦] ‘And then so small. ’ Fanny made a grimace; smallness was so horribly and typically low-caste. † (46) So we know Bernard was short but why should this make him unhappy? Is there not more to life than being tall and ‘perfectâ₠¬â„¢? â€Å"’He does look glum,’ said the Assistant Predestinator, pointing at Bernard Marx. † (53) Bernard feels inadequate and therefore feels sad and unfulfilled. He feels like he is not truly living so he rebels against his own society in different ways like, â€Å"[†¦] to say ‘No, thank you,’ and fend off the proffered tube of [soma] tablets. † (54) Eventually, Bernard becomes popular and feels happy however this is a superficial happiness that does not last very long. â€Å"In the end Bernard had to slink back, diminished, to his rooms and inform the impatient assembly that the Savage would not be appearing that evening. The news was received with indignation. The men were furious at having been tricked into behaving politely to this insignificant fellow with unsavory reputation and heretical opinions. † (173). This is, however, a different emotional time for Bernard so he is able to see another side of life and appreciate different circumstances for what they were. Life cannot be lived in a constant state of one emotion because then we would not know what other emotions feel like at all. Bernard could not truly live and experience life until he knew what both happiness and sadness were. To truly live life, we must appreciate it and to appreciate it, we must experience all of it. Helmholtz is another example of a life that has not been truly lived. Helmholtz, by every right should be exceedingly happy because he has everything going for him; he has good looks, he has great intelligence, he is very popular and he is, â€Å"[†¦] every centimeter an Alpha-Plus. † (67) However Helmholtz does not feel fulfilled even though he is happy. Helmholtz feels incomplete and even asks Bernard, â€Å"’did you ever feel, [†¦] as though you had something inside you that was only waiting for you to give it a chance to come out? Some sort of extra power that you aren’t using – you know, like all the water that goes down the falls instead of through the turbines? ’† (69) He feels like there is something more to life; something more than just being good at everything or being happy all the time. When it was decided that Helmholtz could no longer be part of Brave New World, he CHOOSES to go to a dismal place where, â€Å"[he] should like a thoroughly bad climate. † (229) Helmholtz understands that life is not all about perfection and asks for imperfection. He asks for hardships to fulfill his life. Helmholtz is a perfect example of a perfect life not being a life truly lived. One needs to know both the good and the bad to feel complete. Linda is yet another example of how a ‘perfect’ world view really is not perfect at all. Linda grew up in Brave New World and when she was left behind during her visit to the savage reservation, she did not know any other way of life so she tried to maintain her lifestyle. She believed, â€Å"the way they have one another here. Mad, I tell you, absolutely mad. Everybody belongs to every one else – don’t they? Don’t they? † This lifestyle did not make Linda happy at all. She was not living her life the right way and by extension was not living life at all because she only thought she was happy. Her lifestyle did not fit in with the culture in which she found herself and this made her unhappy since, â€Å"’nobody’s supposed to belong to more than one person. And if you have people in the ordinary way, the others think you’re wicked and anti-social. They hate and despise you [†¦]† (121). She also tried o continue in her consumerism mentality but this made her angry because, â€Å"it never used to be right to mend clothes. [†¦] Mending’s anti-social. But it’s all different here. It’s like living with lunatics. Everything they do is mad. † (121) Linda tried to keep her ‘happy’ lifestyle but realized she was not really happy and then felt li ke life had left her no reason to live. She turned to mescal when she did not have the option of soma and when she finally did get back to her own world, she killed herself by overdosing on a happiness substitute while trying to escape her unhappiness. All Linda wanted was, â€Å"the return to soma, was the possibility of lying in bed taking holiday after holiday, without ever having to come back to a headache or fit of vomiting [†¦]† (154). Linda â€Å"took as much as twenty grammes a day [,] [†¦] [w]hich will finish her off in a month or two. † (154) Linda did not truly live her life and therefore felt like ending it was fine. You cannot live your life in one constant state of happiness or unhappiness and those who do, cannot cope with any changes. A life truly lived, is a life fully experienced. A life truly lived requires one to appreciate all the facets of life, love, happiness, sadness and all emotions, experiences and circumstances one could possibly know. Bernard, Linda and Helmholtz were all supposed to be happy but through their life experiences, found out they were not truly complete. Life needs excitement and excitement includes something changing; something different. We must all experience every emotion to appreciate all of life and all it has to offer. To truly live, we must experience and appreciate all that we can.

The Federal Reserve System Coursework Example

The Federal Reserve System Coursework Example The Federal Reserve System Coursework – Coursework Example The Federal Reserve System The structure of the Federal Reserve Banks and Board of GovernorsThe structure of the Federal Reserve Banks is a complete one. There are twelve districts where the Federal Reserve Banks are administered with the view of devolving power. Such a system also enables for satisfactory management of the Federal Reserve Banks payment system. The board of governors of each Federal Reserve Bank is constituted of three bankers and three business leaders. Three of the board members are government appointees, and this composition is designed with a view to demonstrating a different perspective in matters pertinent to decision making within the banks. It also helps the government by keeping an eye on issues that are related to decision making. The action of the board of governors and the operations of the banks are governed by laws to forestall any cases of irregularity. One of the recommendations is to improve on marketplace and technological developments such as elect ronic banking. This will help in coping with the increased competition that has been experienced by the private sector (United States, 1996).Independence of the Federal Reserve SystemThe Federal Reserve System ought to be independent of any political influence when undertaking to implement and design its monetary policy. Essentially speaking, economic decisions and measures cannot be left in the hands of the political elite such as the President and the US Congress. For economic development to be spurred and its effects to trickle down to the common man, highly educated and specialized economists who exude substantial experience must be engaged. This will guarantee sound decision making and creation of monetary policies that benefit the common man through extensive research and periodical economic evaluation and analysis.ReferencesTop of FormUnited States. (1996). Federal Reserve System: Current and future challenges require systemwide attention : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office. Bottom of FormTop of FormTop of Form

Group assignment for bussiness information system

Group for bussiness information system - Assignment Example This shows that the percentage of sales during the promotional sales period is 70.92% which is very high and therefore it indicates that the promotional sales campaigns offered by the cafà © have been very successful. Moreover, the data reveal that the best products sold throughout in the data include the music CDs, bread and coffee. Revenues generated from CDs were equal to $776,813.17. The value of total sales from selling bread were $27,560.59 and there were 3,271 breads sold by the cafà ©. Moreover, after selling 2,495 coffees the cafà © has been able to accumulate $112,354 as revenues. After analyzing the data it has been found that the month of March is the best month for The Broadway Cafà ©. The total sales that have been report by the cafà © in the month of March have a value of $575,843.30. However, this figure does not include the return or refund sales which have a value of $6,504.20. Therefore the net sales or revenues generated from the month of March were equal to $569,339.10. This shows that the percentage of total sales in the month of March is equal to 28% of the total sales. Moreover, the least transaction occurred in the month of September. There have been several problems in the data and therefore these problems could influence the findings presented in the report. For instance, there have been several entries missing in the data and if these entries are recorded appropriately then the findings could have been changed. For instance, as it has been found that the month of March has the highest sales, and September has the lowest sales but what if several transactions for the month of September are missed. Therefore, these issues could influence the findings of the data and thus the analysis that has been based on the missing data can be changed. Moreover, there are certain mistakes or data entered seems to be inaccurate as customer number 6541 purchased coffee of $1,549 in the first month of year 2005 which clearly seems

American printing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American printing - Term Paper Example This was a time that the printing industry underwent intense discrimination by the government. Between 1600 and 1800, the printing industry had an established affiliation with the business community. This is because the newspapers would significantly spearhead business transactions through the reliable and efficient communication. Despite of this trend in business, the religious institutions criticized the printing industry. According to the religious institutions, the printing industry would bring emergence of sects. It would also inculcate intense disobedience to the existent leadership. Therefore, the printing industry had diverse affiliations with the different social institutions. Women had a vital role in the printing industry. They contributed to the politics and business of the printing industry. Mrs Glover was a major spearhead in the business and politics of the printing industry in America (Ingersoll, 147). Upon her arrival in Harvard College, she initiated a printing ente rprise that produced pleasant materials to the public. For instance, her enterprise produced â€Å"The Freeman’s Oath† in 1639 (Ingersoll, 147). This was a publication that attracted attention from the masses. Her enterprise oversaw the establishment of other investments in printing. Evidently, Mrs Glover takes a paramount ground in the development of American printing industry. The printing industry entailed diverse publications that targeted diverse groups. The publications that targeted the women had substantial market. For instance, the publications on fashion had outstanding markets as the young ladies had zeal for fashion (Leonard, 6). Therefore, the women had a significant contribution to the development of the printing industries through massive purchases. There were a set of controversies that arose against diverse printers. Zengler was an example of the victims of controversies. Majority of the publications evaluated the level of justice within American leade rship. In this case, the printers would initiate satirical articles within the publications in the quest for justice. Zengler was one of the major voices in ancient American printing industry. In 1734, he directed satirical attacks towards New York’s Governor (Olson, 223). William Cosby was the Governor during this era. During the court proceedings, Zengler’s lawyer conceded that his client had done the publications. However, he challenged the jury to clear Zengler if the satirical attacks were based on truth (Olson, 223). Ultimately, Zengler was cleared by the court. This indicates that the satirical attacks initiated by Zengler were perfect truth. Evidently, American printers suffered legal controversies upon their artistic revelations of truth in their publications. There was intense difficulty upon setting a printing enterprise. Finances were a main struggle that struck the prospective printers (Frasca, 13). In this case, printers had to accumulate finances to init iate an enterprise. They underwent a lengthy process of accumulating finances for their printing enterprises. Despite of the struggle, the print enterprises had ultimate rewards. They would disseminate printed information to the public at a fee. This would be an income generating activity to them. The printing figure had a significant role in the main events of America. It was a major spearhead in America’

BUS499 MOD 1 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BUS499 MOD 1 CA - Essay Example The new management also planned to convert the organization’s 30 percent of the incremental revenue to operating profit. The company’s third goal was to double its earnings per share. On the basis of which agencies were making money for the company and which were not, the company categorized its business units into three categories namely ‘lead, drive, and prosper’ (Melter). Each agency category has been assigned with different strategic charges. The business units that had less than 50 employees and were less likely to become a gigantic agency ever were categorized as prospers. The company’s most business units fell under the prosper category. Since prosper units were not expected to attain a tremendous growth rate, the strategy chosen for this type of business unit was to achieve high profit margins. The business units that had 50-150 employees were categorized as drive agencies which were assigned with the goal of maintaining or gradually improving their revenue base in addition to expanding their margins. Finally, the largest business units like New York, UK, and China were given the lead agency status. Since lead agencies were expected to achieve rapid growth and to allocate lion’s share of the investment, the company management paid particular attention to this type of business agency. The strategy specifically created for lead agencies was to develop ‘permanently infatuated clients’ and to particularly focus on large revenue earning clients. In addition, the organization also developed several strategies that greatly related to a customer perspective. One of those strategies was to create ‘big fabulous ideas’ or BFIs that are able to â€Å"transform the businesses, brands, and reputations† of the clients (Melter). For this, the organization stated the need of an ideal environment and inspirational leadership in every unit. The firm’s key strategy was to

Explain the impact of relevant legislations Essay Example for Free

Explain the impact of relevant legislations Essay In this task I will explain the impact of relevant legislations / regulations on two types of employment contract of the company New Forrest logistics as well as analyse the impact of the legislation of the two contracts of the company. Contract 1 The key contrasting differences between the two contracts in question is that contract 1 the job title is for a secretary. Its hours of work are stated as 16 hours a week. Which means that it is part time temporary employment? While a member of time is on maternity leave. The employ will be required to be flexible with regard to the hours as he and she will work in accordance to the employers needs. The employee will be paid on an hourly basis. Being a temporary position, no pension scheme will be available to the employee. The employee will be required to complete a monthly signed timesheet as a record of the employees work schedule. No payments will be made for any unused holiday. In case of sickness for more than 3 days, in order to be entitled to statutory sick pay, the employee will need to provide a sick note, further if the employee wishes to leave before the end date he or she will need to provide a weeks’ notice. The employer two will provide the employee with one weeks’ notice of termination before the end date given in the contract, or else he has offered his/her basic salary in lieu of notice. However no notice will be provided to the employee in case of dismissal. With regard to disciplinary procedures, in case of serious problems, the employee will either be given verbal warning which will be recorded in his or her personal file (for a period of normally 6 months) or a first written warning will be given which will also be recorded in your personal file. This could then if need arose be followed by a final warning which would also be recorded in your personal file. Contract 2 The key points in contract 2 which differ from contract 1 are the job title which is that of a Personal assistant to the Managing directors. It in contrast to contract 1, it is fulltime appointment with the hours of work being 35 hours a week. The employee will be paid a salary which will be subject to revision from time to time. This job title also includes a probationary period of 3 months from the start date. As regards time keeping, it differs in that there is no need to sign in and the employee is required to have a responsible attitude towards keeping time. In contract 2 unlike contract 1, the employee is entitled to full annual holiday entitlement of 28 days exclusive of bank holidays. With regard to sickness, in contract 2 the employee will be entitled to a contractual pay for the first 6 months of any period of sickness. However the employee will need to complete a self certification form if ill for 7 days or less. If sick or 8 days or more than a medical certificate needs to obtained from the doctor. The employee in contract 2 is entitled to maternity or paternity leave. The employee will also be entitled to participate in any pension scheme operated by the company. The retirement age is stated to be 65 years. With regard to confidential information the key difference is that employee is not authorised to disclose any confidential information related to companies business affairs irrespective whether he resigns or is dismissed. Regarding Notice, the employee is entitled to one weeks’ notice after 4 week of employment. A copy of the companies’ grievance procedure is contained in the staff handbook and even the companies disciplinary and dismissal procedures are also contained within the staff handbook. The employee is required to take steps as are reasonably practicable to ensure the health and safety of him/her and others affected by his or her work. The employee also needs to have knowledge of fire regulations and necessary precautions. The organisation is an equal opportunity employer, thus no employee can be discriminated against on any grounds. Wage salary Contract 1: The wages for the Jobsite will be  £9.50 an hour before national insurance contributions and tax deductions. Contract 2: the employee’s salary is  £26,000 as stated in the appointment letter. This will be subject to revision from time to time. The employee will be paid monthly. According to law the main wage rate is  £6.19. Therefore it is essential for new Forrest logistics to have knowledge and awareness of different pay rates and confirm to them. Now I shall analyse the impact of the national minimum wages act 1998 on the 2 employment contracts of the company New Forrest logistics. This act is an important piece of legislation that the company is advised to follow very closely. This act sets the minimum wage levels an employee is entitled to per hour in accordance with the age group the employee falls under. The current wage of those falling under the group of 21 and above is  £6.08 and that falling under the group of 18 to 20 is equal  £4.98. This legislation will obviously have an impact on both the contracts of employment drawn by New Forrest logistics as they will have to state in the contract what wages they will pay the concerned employees. Thus they will need to ensure that they abide by the act and pay the employees the correct wages in accordance with the age group. If they violate the legislation, they will be liable legal action. Grievance procedure Contract 1: The employee will be required to comply with the grievance procedures which will be detailed in the staff hand book. Contract 2: it is stated in the contract that the employees are expected to comply with the companies’ grievance procedures, a copy of which is contained the staff handbook. The law states that if the employee is not satisfied with the decision, he or she has a right of appeal. Thus NFL needs to be aware of this in case it runs into problems. More over it is also necessary that all employees are thorough knowledge of the grievance procedure. The grievance procedure is another legislation that will impact both of these contracts. The main impact that it will have on the both the contracts is that by law the organisation will be bound to give a clear detailed grievance procedures to the employees through the staff handbook and staff intranet. Furthermore the employer will also need to be aware that if the employee is not satisfied with the decision he or she has the right to appeal and if correct remedial action is still not taken, he or she can refer the case to an employment tribunal. This legislation ensures that all procedures including appeals against grievance decision or appeals against a disciplinary or dismissal decision are clearly detailed in the staff handbook. Both the contacts abide and comply with the legislation. Holiday entitlement Contract 1: it is clearly stated in the contract that the holiday year is from 1st January to 31 December. It is also stated that payments will not be made for any unused holiday. It is further stated that any holidays must be agreed with the employer at least four weeks in advance and lastly should the employee exceed his or her holiday entitlement, it will be deducted from the final pay packet. Contract 2: also states that the holiday year runs from first January to 31 December. The employees’ full annual entitlement of 28 days exclusive of bank holidays is also clearly stated therein. It also states that all holidays must be in agreement with the company and lastly except in exceptional circumstances no more than two weeks holiday entitlement maybe taken at any one time. Health and safety Contract 1: there is no mention of health and safety in the contract. Contract 2: employees are reminded that they are responsible for observing and complying with all health and safety rules and to work at promoting health and safety at work not only for themselves but also for their fellow employees. NFL is duty bound to ensure that they comply with all health and safety rules within the workplace and to place total importance on the health and safety and the welfare of employees at work. NFL also needs to follow the health and safety act at work 1974. If NFL does not do so appropriately then they are able liable to criminal prosecution. Therefore NFL needs to put all procedures and policies in place in order to ensure that employees follow them carefully and remain safe. Maternity and paternity Contract 1: There is no mention of Maternity or Paternity in this contract. Contract 2: this contract states that an employee who is pregnant has the right to the time off with pay. The right to Paternity is set out in the Paternity and Adoption Leave Regulation 2002. The right applies to those individuals who share a sufficiently close relationship to the child or its mother. The law states that if an employee is pregnant or adopting a child she could be entitled to 56 days leave and her partner could be entitled to 2 weeks paternity leave. NFL will need to comply with this legislation. The impact of this law will be that if a man /women take this leave, they are legally entitled to their previous job role upon their return failing which she or he can appeal against the unfair dismissal in accordance with the unfair dismissal act. Confidentiality Contract 1: Information relating to the employer, the employer’s family and the employers domestic or personal circumstances is strictly confidential Contract 2: You must not disclose any confidential information relating to the business affairs of the company during your period of employment or even after you have either resigned or been dismissed. The Data Protection Act 1998 states and controls how you use the information of others with regard to businesses or the government. NFL too needs to abide by this act and to inform employees of their responsibilities in this regard. The impact of the law for this legislation for NFL is that they must ensure that all information is kept strictly confidential. Disciplinary Procedure Contract 1: Minor problems will be dealt with and resolved informally. In case of serious problems, first a verbal warning will be given and then it could be followed by a first written warning and if need still arose then a final warning could be issued after which further misconduct could lead to dismissal. Contract 2: disciplinary procedure can be found in the staff handbook, you do have the right to appeal against a disciplinary or dismissal decision, the procedure for which is detailed in the disciplinary and dismissal procedures. The impact of this legislation is that NFL needs to make sure in case of dismissal of an employee that all disciplinary and dismissal procedures have been duly observed and complied with. Termination of contract Contract 1: you will be provided with one weeks’ notice of termination before the end date given in this contract. You are required to give the employers one week’s notice should you wish to terminate your employment before the end date. Contract 2: the company will give a minimum of one day notice of termination for up to four weeks service. After 4 weeks employment you are entitled to receive one weeks’ notice increasing to two weeks after 2 years continuous service. There after you will be entitled to receive a further week’s notice for each additional year’s service up to a maximum of 12 weeks after the 12 or more year’s service. Should the employee leave, then he or she is required to give the company one months notice. The law states that termination rights are dependent on individual contracts. So NFL need to be aware of different offers stated in contracts. The impact of this is that NFL cannot dismiss an employee unfairly. Sick leave Contract 1: the employee will be required to inform the employer at the earliest of any sick leave. The employee will be entitled to statutory sick pay on production of an employee’s statement of sickness form for sick leave of more than 3 days. Contract 2: the employee is entitled to his or her contractual pay for the first 6 months of any period of sickness. The law states that you are entitled to sick pay depending on your contract of employment. This will vary from job to job. However any business cannot offer you less than you are entitled to through your statutory sick pay. NFL need to take into consideration the law on sick pay and keeping abide by it , keeping in mind the individual contracts.